Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Bauboeck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J. P., Blind, N., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Buron, A., Collin, C., Chapron, F., Clenet, Y., du Foresto, V. Coude, de Zeeuw, P. T., Deen, C., Delplancke-Stroebele, F., Dembet, R., Dexter, J., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Finger, G., Schreiber, N. M. Foerster, Fedou, P., Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Gordo, P., Habibi, M., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haussmann, F., Henning, Th, Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Rosales, A. Jimenez, Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kervella, P., Kok, Y., Kulas, M., Lacour, S., Lapeyrere, V, Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J-B, Lena, P., Lippa, M., Lenzen, R., Merand, A., Mueller, E., Neumann, U., Ott, T., Palanca, L., Paumard, T., Pasquini, L., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Plewa, P. M., Rabien, S., Ramirez, A., Ramos, J., Rau, C., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R-R, Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Scheithauer, S., Schoeller, M., Schuler, N., Spyromilio, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Tristram, K. R. W., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S., Wank, I, Waisberg, I, Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D. and Zins, G. (2018). Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. Astron. Astrophys., 615. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

The highly elliptical, 16-year-period orbit of the star S2 around the massive black hole candidate Sgr A* is a sensitive probe of the gravitational field in the Galactic centre. Near pericentre at 120 AU approximate to 1400 Schwarzschild radii, the star has an orbital speed of approximate to 7650 km s(-1), such that the first-order effects of Special and General Relativity have now become detectable with current capabilities. Over the past 26 years, we have monitored the radial velocity and motion on the sky of S2, mainly with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics instruments on the ESO Very Large Telescope, and since 2016 and leading up to the pericentre approach in May 2018, with the four-telescope interferometric beam-combiner instrument GRAVITY. From data up to and including pericentre, we robustly detect the combined gravitational redshift and relativistic transverse Doppler effect for S2 of z = Delta lambda/lambda approximate to 200 km s(-1)/c with different statistical analysis methods. When parameterising the post-Newtonian contribution from these effects by a factor f, with f = 0 and f = 1 corresponding to the Newtonian and general relativistic limits, respectively, we find from posterior fitting with different weighting schemes f = 0.90 +/- 0.09 vertical bar(stat) +/- 0.151 vertical bar(sys). The S2 data are inconsistent with pure Newtonian dynamics.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Abuter, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Amorim, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Anugu, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bauboeck, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benisty, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Berger, J. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Blind, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bonnet, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Brandner, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Buron, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Collin, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Chapron, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Clenet, Y.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
du Foresto, V. CoudeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
de Zeeuw, P. T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Deen, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Delplancke-Stroebele, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dembet, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dexter, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Duvert, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eckart, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eisenhauer, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Finger, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schreiber, N. M. FoersterUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fedou, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lopez, R. GarciaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gao, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gendron, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Genzel, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gillessen, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gordo, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Habibi, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haubois, X.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haug, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haussmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henning, ThUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hippler, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Horrobin, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hubert, Z.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hubin, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rosales, A. JimenezUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jochum, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jocou, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kaufer, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kellner, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kendrew, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kervella, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kok, Y.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kulas, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lacour, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lapeyrere, VUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lazareff, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Le Bouquin, J-BUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lena, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lippa, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lenzen, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Merand, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mueller, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Neumann, U.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ott, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Palanca, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paumard, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pasquini, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perraut, K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Perrin, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pfuhl, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Plewa, P. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rabien, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ramirez, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ramos, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rau, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rodriguez-Coira, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rohloff, R-RUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rousset, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sanchez-Bermudez, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Scheithauer, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schoeller, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schuler, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Spyromilio, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straub, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Straubmeier, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sturm, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tacconi, L. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tristram, K. R. W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vincent, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
von Fellenberg, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wank, IUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Waisberg, IUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Widmann, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wieprecht, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wiest, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wiezorrek, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Woillez, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Yazici, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ziegler, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Zins, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-179489
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833052
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 615
Date: 2018
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; GENERAL-RELATIVITY; LARGE TELESCOPE; STELLAR ORBITS; MILKY; RESOLUTION; LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; DISTANCE; SINFONIMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/17948

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