Universität zu Köln

Koch, Alex ORCID: 0000-0002-6267-8066, Alves, Hans, Krueger, Tobias and Unkelbach, Christian ORCID: 0000-0002-3793-6246 (2016). A General Valence Asymmetry in Similarity: Good Is More Alike Than Bad. J. Exp. Psychol.-Learn. Mem. Cogn., 42 (8). S. 1171 - 1193. WASHINGTON: AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. ISSN 1939-1285

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Abstract

The density hypothesis (Unkelbach, Fiedler, Bayer, Stegmuller, & Danner, 2008) claims a general higher similarity of positive information to other positive information compared with the similarity of negative information to other negative information. This similarity asymmetry might explain valence asymmetries on all levels of cognitive processing. The available empirical evidence for this general valence asymmetry in similarity suffers from a lack of direct tests, low representativeness, and possible confounding variables (e.g., differential valence intensity, frequency, familiarity, or concreteness of positive and negative stimuli). To address these problems, Study 1 first validated the spatial arrangement method (SpAM) as a similarity measure. Using SpAM, Studies 2-6 found the proposed valence asymmetry in large, representative samples of self-and other-generated words (Studies 2a/2b), for words of consensual and idiosyncratic valence (Study 3), for words from 1 and many independent information sources (Study 4), for real-life experiences (Study 5), and for large data sets of verbal (i.e., similar to 14,000 words reported by Warriner, Kuperman, & Brysbaert, 2013) and visual information (i.e., similar to 1,000 pictures reported in the IAPS; Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 2005; Study 6). Together, these data support a general valence asymmetry in similarity, namely that good is more alike than bad.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Koch, Alex UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-8066 UNSPECIFIED Alves, Hans UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Krueger, Tobias UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Unkelbach, Christian UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-6246 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-267849
DOI:	10.1037/xlm0000243
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Exp. Psychol.-Learn. Mem. Cogn.
Volume:	42
Number:	8
Page Range:	S. 1171 - 1193
Date:	2016
Publisher:	AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
Place of Publication:	WASHINGTON
ISSN:	1939-1285
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Human Sciences Faculty of Management, Economy and Social Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Human Sciences > Department Psychologie Center of Excellence C-SEB
Subjects:	Psychology
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language PHASIC AFFECTIVE MODULATION; INTERPERSONAL BENEFITS; REPRESENTATIVE DESIGN; POSITIVE INFORMATION; PARTICIPANTS RESPOND; IMPRESSION-FORMATION; ECOLOGICAL APPROACH; RECOGNITION MEMORY; SOCIAL INFORMATION; STATISTICAL POWER Multiple languages Psychology; Psychology, Experimental Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/26784