Universität zu Köln

Klintworth, Sandra and von Elert, Eric . Inducible morphological defense in Daphnia pulex: food quantity effects revised. Aquat. Ecol.. DORDRECHT: SPRINGER. ISSN 1573-5125

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Abstract

In aquatic systems, organisms largely rely on chemical cues to perceive information about the presence of predators or prey. Daphnia recognize the presence of the predatory larvae of Chaoborus via a chemical cue, emitted by the larvae, a so-called kairomone. Upon recognition, neckteeth, an alteration of the carapace, are induced in Daphnia that reduce predation rates of Chaoborus. Neckteeth induction was often reported to entail costs. In a previous study, food quantity affected the level of neckteeth induction, with stronger neckteeth induction at low food concentrations and weak induction at high food concentrations. However, reducing neckteeth induction at high food quantities seems to be maladaptive and not in accordance with the concept that inducible defenses are associated with costs. Here, we hypothesized that weaker neckteeth induction at high food concentrations is caused by increased bacterial degradation of the kairomone. More specifically, we assume that higher algal food concentration is associated with higher bacterial abundances, which degrade the kairomone during the experiment. We tested our hypothesis by treating food algae with antibiotics before providing them as food to Daphnia. Antibiotics reduced bacterial abundances at high and low food concentrations. Reduced bacterial abundances at high food concentrations led to the same level of neckteeth induction as at low food concentrations. A linear regression revealed a significant correlation of neckteeth induction to bacterial abundances. We therefore conclude that differences in neckteeth induction at different food concentrations are not caused by the food quantity effects but by differences in bacterial degradation of the kairomone.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Klintworth, Sandra UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED von Elert, Eric UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-311962
DOI:	10.1007/s10452-020-09809-2
Journal or Publication Title:	Aquat. Ecol.
Publisher:	SPRINGER
Place of Publication:	DORDRECHT
ISSN:	1573-5125
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LIFE-HISTORY SHIFTS; PRELIMINARY CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ANTIPREDATOR DEFENSES; DEMOGRAPHIC COSTS; GROWTH-RATE; TRADE-OFFS; PREDATOR; KAIROMONE Multiple languages Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/31196