Heindl, Ludwig M., Trester, Marc, Guo, Yongwei ORCID: 0000-0001-9195-0770, Zwiener, Florian, Sadat, Narges, Pine, Nicola S., Pine, Keith R., Traweger, Andreas and Rokohl, Alexander C. . Anxiety and depression in patients wearing prosthetic eyes. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.. NEW YORK: SPRINGER. ISSN 1435-702X

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Abstract

Purpose To investigate anxiety and depression levels in prosthetic eye-wearing patients using standardized psychometric instruments, to define factors associated with these psychological diseases, and to identify a potential healthcare gap. Methods A total of 295 prosthetic eye wearers were screened using the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were correlated with scores of general physical and mental health functioning, vision-related quality of life, appearance-related distress, appearance-related social function, and further biosocial factors. Results Five patients (2%) had a pre-diagnosed anxiety disorder, and 20 patients (7%) had a pre-diagnosed depression. However, our screening revealed 26 patients (9%) with anxiety symptoms, 31 patients (11%) with depression symptoms, and 40 patients (14%) suffering from both anxiety and depression symptoms. This underdiagnosing for both anxiety and depression disorders was significant (p < 0.001, respectively). Higher GAD-7 scores were significantly associated with higher PHQ-9 scores, lower appearance-related social function, lower mental health functioning, and female gender (p <= 0.021, respectively). Higher PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated with lower physical and mental health functioning, higher educational degree, and non-traumatic eye loss (p <= 0.038, respectively). Conclusions Anxiety and depression disorders seem to be underdiagnosed in prosthetic eye wearers and to have higher incidence compared with the general population. Therefore, a psychometric screening should be routinely implemented in the clinical care. For a successful long-term rehabilitation, integrated care by a multidisciplinary team including ophthalmic plastic surgeons, ophthalmologists, ocularists, general practitioners, and psychologists is essential.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Heindl, Ludwig M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Trester, MarcUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guo, YongweiUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-9195-0770UNSPECIFIED
Zwiener, FlorianUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sadat, NargesUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pine, Nicola S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pine, Keith R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Traweger, AndreasUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rokohl, Alexander C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-321880
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04908-0
Journal or Publication Title: Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.
Publisher: SPRINGER
Place of Publication: NEW YORK
ISSN: 1435-702X
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ANOPHTHALMIC PATIENTS; PSYCHOSOCIAL DISTRESS; APPEARANCE CONCERNS; DEPOSIT BUILDUP; OLDER-ADULTS; DISORDER; SCALES; HEALTH; IMPACTMultiple languages
OphthalmologyMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/32188

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