Universität zu Köln

Hoffmann, U., Urban, P., Koschate, J., Drescher, U., Pfister, R. and Michels, G. (2015). Essential Hypertension: Cardiovascular Response to Breath Hold Combined with Exercise. Int. J. Sports Med., 36 (8). S. 615 - 624. STUTTGART: GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG. ISSN 1439-3964

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Abstract

Essential hypertension (EH) is a widespread disease and might be prevalent in apnea divers and master athletes. Little is known about the influence of EH and the antihypertensive drugs (AHD) on cardiovascular reactions to combined breath hold (BH) and exercise. In this pilot study, healthy divers (HCON) were compared with treated hypertensive divers with regard to heart rate (HR) and mean blood-pressure (MAP) responses to BH, exercise and the combination of both. Ten subjects with EH and ten healthy divers were tested. 3 different 20s stimuli were applied: BH combined with 30W or 150W and 150W without BH. The time-charts during the stress intervals and during recovery were compared. Subjects treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor showed higher changes for MAP values if breath hold was performed. HR responses were obviously changed if a -blocker was part of the medication. One subject showed extreme MAP responses to all stimuli and conspicuous HR if BH was involved. The modulation of HR-/MAP-response in EH subjects depends on the mechanisms of antihypertensive agents. The combination of an ACE inhibitor and a -blocker may give the best protection. It is recommended to include short apnea tests in the fitness-to-dive examination to individually predict potential endangerment.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Hoffmann, U. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Urban, P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Koschate, J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Drescher, U. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Pfister, R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Michels, G. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-399731
DOI:	10.1055/s-0034-1398627
Journal or Publication Title:	Int. J. Sports Med.
Volume:	36
Number:	8
Page Range:	S. 615 - 624
Date:	2015
Publisher:	GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG
Place of Publication:	STUTTGART
ISSN:	1439-3964
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language ARTERIAL OXYGEN-SATURATION; CENTRAL BLOOD-PRESSURE; DIVING RESPONSE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; FACE IMMERSION; APNEIC TIME; BRADYCARDIA; INHIBITION; BLOCKADE; INDEXES Multiple languages Sport Sciences Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/39973