Gill, P., Gusmao, L., Haned, H., Mayr, W. R., Morling, N., Parson, W., Prieto, L., Prinz, M., Schneider, H., Schneider, P. M. and Weir, B. S. (2012). DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics: Recommendations on the evaluation of STR typing results that may include drop-out and/or drop-in using probabilistic methods. Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet., 6 (6). S. 679 - 689. CLARE: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. ISSN 1872-4973

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Abstract

DNA profiling of biological material from scenes of crimes is often complicated because the amount of DNA is limited and the quality of the DNA may be compromised. Furthermore, the sensitivity of STR typing kits has been continuously improved to detect low level DNA traces. This may lead to (1) partial DNA profiles and (2) detection of additional alleles. There are two key phenomena to consider: allelic or locus 'drop-out', i.e. 'missing' alleles at one or more genetic loci, while 'drop-in' may explain alleles in the DNA profile that are additional to the assumed main contributor(s). The drop-in phenomenon is restricted to 1 or 2 alleles per profile. If multiple alleles are observed at more than two loci then these are considered as alleles from an extra contributor and analysis can proceed as a mixture of two or more contributors. Here, we give recommendations on how to estimate probabilities considering drop-out, Pr(D), and drop-in, Pr(C). For reasons of clarity, we have deliberately restricted the current recommendations considering drop-out and/or drop-in at only one locus. Furthermore, we offer recommendations on how to use Pr(D) and Pr(C) with the likelihood ratio principles that are generally recommended by the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) as measure of the weight of the evidence in forensic genetics. Examples of calculations are included. An Excel spreadsheet is provided so that scientists and laboratories may explore the models and input their own data. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Gill, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gusmao, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Haned, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mayr, W. R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Morling, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Parson, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Prieto, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Prinz, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schneider, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schneider, P. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Weir, B. S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-477959
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.002
Journal or Publication Title: Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet.
Volume: 6
Number: 6
Page Range: S. 679 - 689
Date: 2012
Publisher: ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
Place of Publication: CLARE
ISSN: 1872-4973
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
MIXTURESMultiple languages
Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, LegalMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/47795

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