Marseille, M. G., van der Tak, F. F. S., Herpin, F., Wyrowski, F., Chavarria, L., Pietropaoli, B., Baudry, A., Bontemps, S., Cernicharo, J., Jacq, T., Frieswijk, W., Shipman, R., van Dishoeck, E. F., Bachiller, R., Benedettini, M., Benz, A. O., Bergin, E., Bjerkeli, P., Blake, G. A., Braine, J., Bruderer, S., Caselli, P., Caux, E., Codella, C., Daniel, F., Dieleman, P., di Giorgio, A. M., Dominik, C., Doty, S. D., Encrenaz, P., Fich, M., Fuente, A., Gaier, T., Giannini, T., Goicoechea, J. R., de Graauw, Th., Helmich, F., Herczeg, G. J., Hogerheijde, M. R., Jackson, B., Javadi, H., Jellema, W., Johnstone, D., Jorgensen, J. K., Kester, D., Kristensen, L. E., Larsson, B., Laauwen, W., Lis, D., Liseau, R., Luinge, W., McCoey, C., Megej, A., Melnick, G., Neufeld, D., Nisini, B., Olberg, M., Parise, B., Pearson, J. C., Plume, R., Risacher, C., Roelfsema, P., Santiago-Garcia, J., Saraceno, P., Siegel, P., Stutzki, J., Tafalla, M., van Kempen, T. A., Visser, R., Wampfler, S. F. and Yildiz, U. A. (2010). Water abundances in high-mass protostellar envelopes: Herschel observations with HIFI. Astron. Astrophys., 521. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 0004-6361

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Abstract

Aims. We derive the dense core structure and the water abundance in four massive star-forming regions in the hope of understanding the earliest stages of massive star formation. Methods. We present Herschel/HIFI observations of the para-H2O 1(11)-0(00) and 2(02)-1(11) and the para-(H2O)-O-18 1(11)-0(00) transitions. The envelope contribution to the line profiles is separated from contributions by outflows and foreground clouds. The envelope contribution is modeled with Monte-Carlo radiative transfer codes for dust and molecular lines (MC3D and RATRAN), and the water abundance and the turbulent velocity width as free parameters. Results. While the outflows are mostly seen in emission in high-J lines, envelopes are seen in absorption in ground-state lines, which are almost saturated. The derived water abundances range from 5 x 10(-10) to 4 x 10(-8) in the outer envelopes. We detect cold clouds surrounding the protostar envelope, thanks to the very high quality of the Herschel/HIFI data and the unique ability of water to probe them. Several foreground clouds are also detected along the line of sight. Conclusions. The low H2O abundances in massive dense cores are in accordance with the expectation that high densities and low temperatures lead to freeze-out of water on dust grains. The spread in abundance values is not clearly linked to physical properties of the sources.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Marseille, M. G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van der Tak, F. F. S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Herpin, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wyrowski, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Chavarria, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pietropaoli, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Baudry, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bontemps, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cernicharo, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jacq, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Frieswijk, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Shipman, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van Dishoeck, E. F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bachiller, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benedettini, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benz, A. O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bergin, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bjerkeli, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Blake, G. A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Braine, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bruderer, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Caselli, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Caux, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Codella, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Daniel, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dieleman, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
di Giorgio, A. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dominik, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Doty, S. D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Encrenaz, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fich, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fuente, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gaier, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Giannini, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Goicoechea, J. R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
de Graauw, Th.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Helmich, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Herczeg, G. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hogerheijde, M. R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jackson, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Javadi, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jellema, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Johnstone, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jorgensen, J. K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kester, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kristensen, L. E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Larsson, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Laauwen, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lis, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Liseau, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Luinge, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
McCoey, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Megej, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Melnick, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Neufeld, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nisini, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Olberg, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Parise, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pearson, J. C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Plume, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Risacher, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Roelfsema, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Santiago-Garcia, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Saraceno, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Siegel, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stutzki, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tafalla, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van Kempen, T. A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Visser, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wampfler, S. F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Yildiz, U. A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-494956
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015103
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 521
Date: 2010
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 0004-6361
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
MONTE-CARLO METHOD; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; STAR-FORMATION; PROTOSTARS; REGION; EXCITATION; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; CORES; H2OMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/49495

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