Universität zu Köln

Stroehlein, Julia K., Vieluf, Solveig ORCID: 0000-0002-5532-8690, Zimmer, Philipp, Schenk, Alexander, Oberste, Max, Goelz, Christian, van den Bongard, Franziska and Reinsberger, Claus (2021). Learning to play golf for elderly people with subjective memory complaints: feasibility of a single-blinded randomized pilot trial. BMC Neurol., 21 (1). LONDON: BMC. ISSN 1471-2377

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Abstract

Background: Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC) in elderly people due to preclinical Alzheimer's Disease may be associated with dysregulation of the Kynurenine Pathway (KP), with an increase in neurotoxic metabolites that affect cognition. Golf is a challenging sport with high demands on motor, sensory, and cognitive abilities, which might bear the potential to attenuate the pathological changes of preclinical AD. This trial investigated the feasibility of learning to play golf for elderly with cognitive problems and its effects on cognitive functions and the KP. Methods: In a 22-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial, elderly people with SMC were allocated to the golf (n = 25, 180 min training/week) or control group (n = 21). Primary outcomes were feasibility (golf exam, adherence, adverse events) and general cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale). Secondary outcomes include specific cognitive functions (Response Inhibition, Corsi Block Tapping Test, Trail Making Test), KP metabolites and physical performance (6-Minute-Walk-Test). Baseline-adjusted Analysis-of-Covariance was conducted for each outcome. Results: 42 participants were analyzed. All participants that underwent the golf exam after the intervention passed it (20/23). Attendance rate of the golf intervention was 75 %. No adverse events or drop-outs related to the intervention occurred. A significant time*group interaction (p = 0.012, F = 7.050, Cohen's d = 0.89) was found for correct responses on the Response Inhibition task, but not for ADAS-Cog. Moreover, a significant time*group interaction for Quinolinic acid to Tryptophan ratios (p = 0.022, F = 5.769, Cohen's d = 0.84) in favor of the golf group was observed. An uncorrected negative correlation between attendance rate and delta Quinolinic acid to Kynurenic acid ratios in the golf group (p = 0.039, r=-0.443) was found as well. Conclusions: The findings indicate that learning golf is feasible and safe for elderly people with cognitive problems. Preliminary results suggest positive effects on attention and the KP. To explore the whole potential of golfing and its effect on cognitive decline, a larger cohort should be studied over a longer period with higher cardiovascular demands.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Stroehlein, Julia K. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Vieluf, Solveig UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-8690 UNSPECIFIED Zimmer, Philipp UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schenk, Alexander UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Oberste, Max UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Goelz, Christian UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED van den Bongard, Franziska UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Reinsberger, Claus UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-579158
DOI:	10.1186/s12883-021-02186-9
Journal or Publication Title:	BMC Neurol.
Volume:	21
Number:	1
Date:	2021
Publisher:	BMC
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	1471-2377
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language KYNURENINE PATHWAY METABOLITES; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY SCALE; AMYLOID-BETA LOAD; OLDER-ADULTS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PERFORMANCE; DEMENTIA; RISK; EXERCISE Multiple languages Clinical Neurology Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/57915