Minassian, Anuka (2018). Stem Cell Therapy For Stroke. Modulation of structural and functional adjustments after stem cell implantation in a mouse model of cortical stroke. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke is an emerging field in light of an increasing number of patients surviving with permanent disability. Such stem cells entail the potential to differentiate into mature neurons and thus replace dysfunctional tissue or enhance the surviving tissue’s plasticity. There is a strong need for imaging modalities which allow the tracking of neural stem cell differentiation longitudinally and non-invasively in vivo, and thus the monitoring of the therapeutic outcome of stem cell-based approaches. Within this thesis, the fate of engrafted cells was monitored longitudinally in vivo via optical imaging and complemented with immunohistochemistry. Lightsheet Fluorescence Microscopy enabled the evaluation of the graft’s spatial migration while electrophysiology was used to assess the phenotypic electric characteristics of the implanted cells. Cells were engrafted in both naïve and ischemic brains. Resting state fMRI and behavioral testing were used to assess the functional connectivity of the sensorimotor networks and the behavioral outcome, respectively. To investigate the effect of neural stem cell implantation after the event of an ischemic stroke, I first characterized the changes caused by ischemia in the brain and in the functional network using the dMCAO model in mice. Following experimental stroke, mice demonstrated expected sensorimotor dysfunction and changes in the resting state sensorimotor network. Implantation of cells did not improve post stroke behavioral outcome. Moreover, in control animals, I observed changes in functional networks due to the stereotaxic procedure of engraftment and due to the damage caused to the meninges in dMCAO sham occlusion. This illustrates the sensitivity of resting state fMRI to all sort of surgical procedures in the brain. I hypothesize that such damages may have prevented functional and network recovery which has not been previously identified due to the application of different data analysis and the lack of proper control groups. The findings in this thesis represent one of few preclinical studies in resting state fMRI network changes post stroke that apply this technique to evaluate functional outcomes following a potential clinically applicable human neural stem cell treatment for ischemic stroke. It was found that disruption of the network structural architecture e. g. by means of a needle puncture does not necessarily imply a decrease in the connectivity of the non-affected tissue and that injury caused by stereotaxic injection should be taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of treatment.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-102271 | ||||||||
Date: | 1 October 2018 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen > MPI for Metabolism Research | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 21 November 2018 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/10227 |
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