Stefanski, Johannes (2020). Thermodynamic Properties and Structure of Aqueous Fluids in Geological Processes. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Aqueous geological fluids occur on the surface and in great depth on our planet and other terrestrial bodies. They play an important role in the origin of life, and further in processes of the Earth’s crust like the genesis of economically significant ore deposits and metasomatism down to the Earth’s mantle. The relations between the molecular scale and macroscopic properties of earth materials is in the focus of mineralogy and petrology. But the development of structural and thermodynamic models of geological fluids are still a great challenge today. Experimental studies at high temperature and high pressure use devices like hydrothermal autoclaves, pressure vessels or heated/hydrothermal diamond anvil cells in combination with spectroscopic or potentiometric measurements that are limited in pressure, temperature and composition range. Since the end of the last millennium, molecular dynamics have become an important tool to investigate not only molecular structural changes of solvents, but also thermophysical properties of solutes in geological fluid were investigated on a molecular scale. In the current century thanks to computer technology revolutions ab initio molecular dynamics simulations provide new insight into rock-fluid interaction processes and support the interpretations of experimental results. In this thesis, three different aqueous geochemistry systems are investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics in conjunction with advanced free energy sampling methods. Firstly, the free energy of yttrium-halide (F fluorine, Cl chlorine) aqueous complexes formation were probed by constrained ab initio molecular dynamics. In this case study it was found that yttrium drives the self-ionization in vicinal water molecules. Further stable Y-Cl/F complexes are found and there thermodynamic stabilities can be reported. This results have revealed that yttrium builds more stable complexes with fluorine than with chlorine. Therefore, very low F activity enables the formation of Y-fluorine complexes. Secondly, the behavior of beryllium in fluorine rich hydrothermal fluid was investigated. It was shown that beryllium tends to form a trigonal coordination at high temperature conditions in comparison to tetrahedral coordination at ambient conditions. That change might cause a higher solubility of beryllium in hydrothermal brines as known from its geochemical relative zinc. Furthermore, in this case study consistencies of the widely used thermodynamic database slop98.dat regarding to aqueous beryllium complexes are discovered. In the last case study, new insight into the behavior of fluorine and hydrofluoric acid in aqueous solution with increasing temperature and compression were gained. Moreover, acidity constants of hydrofluoric acid using novel sampling methods were derived. This thermodynamic data might lead to a better understanding of the role of fluorine for the transport of metal ions in geological fluids under very high pressures. The ab initio simulations presented in this thesis do not only provide a detailed insight into the molecular structures of matter, apart from that they enabled the access of thermodynamic properties such as species stability constants or acidity constants. But more experience and new correlation models are necessary to combine results of this simulation with ordinary derived thermodynamic properties of electrolytes and non-electrolytes at elevated temperature and pressure conditions.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-108715 | ||||||||||||||
Date: | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute of Geology and Mineralog | ||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Chemistry and allied sciences Earth sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 26 September 2019 | ||||||||||||||
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Funders: | Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (Projekt: JA 1469/10-1) | ||||||||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/10871 |
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