Schnabel, Christiane (2019). 138La-138Ce systematics in terrestrial samples and chondrites. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The long-lived 138La-138Ce decay system (half-life 1.02 x 1011 a) is a potentially useful tool to study the behavior of the light rare earth elements (LREE) and to unravel information about the timing of geological processes and about the interaction of geological reservoirs on Earth. In earth sciences, the 138La-138Ce geochronometer can therefore complement information from the more popular long-lived 147Sm-143Nd and 176Lu-176Hf isotope systems. This thesis presents a new analytical protocol for the application of the 138La-138Ce geochronometer. An efficient three-step ion-chromatography procedure allows to separate La and Ce in rock matrices from other rare earth elements (REE) and from interfering Ba. Additionally, an analytical protocol was developed to measure Ce isotope compositions and La and Ce concentrations by MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, all stable Ce isotopes (136Ce, 138Ce, 140Ce and 142Ce) were measured simultaneously by employing a 1010 Ω amplifier for the most abundant isotope 140Ce. Because the traditionally used JMC-304 Ce reference material is not commercially available anymore, a new reference material was prepared from AMES laboratory Ce metal (Cologne-AMES). In order to compare the new material with the previously reported isotopic composition of AMES material prepared at Mainz (Mainz-AMES), Cologne-AMES and JMC-304 were measured relative to each other in one analytical session. Additionally, for La and Ce concentration measurements by MC-ICP-MS, an isotope tracer enriched in 138La and 142Ce was prepared and calibrated against high purity AMES metals. The new protocols were applied to determine the variations of Ce isotope compositions and La and Ce concentrations of geochemical reference materials: BCR-1, BCR-2, BHVO-2, JR-1, JA-2, JB-1b, JB-3, JG-1, JR-1, AGV-1 and one in-house La Palma basalt standard (LP1). Subsequently, the protocols were used to determine the important CHUR reference parameter (chondritic uniform reservoir) for the 138La-138Ce isotope system, which is defined by the present-day chondritic 138La/136Ce and 138Ce/136Ce values. This parameter is still poorly determined for the 138La-138Ce decay system but highly significant, once age-corrected initial Ce isotope ratios are calculated for older samples or for the determination of the Ce-Nd mantle array. Therefore, La and Ce concentration as well as Ce isotope measurements were performed combined with 147Sm-143Nd measurements from the same aliquots for 22 different meteorites including carbonaceous chondrites (CM, CK, CV and CO), ordinary chondrites (H, L and LL), and enstatite chondrites (EL and EH). After a detailed data evaluation of previous studies by Bellot et al. (2015) and Willig and Stracke (2019), the recommended chondritic 138Ce/136Ce mean value is 1.33686±3 (2 s.e., n=18) and 138La/136Ce mean value is 0.1868±40 (2 s.e., n=33). Due to the ongoing debate, which group and petrological type of chondrites reflect the building blocks of the Earth 138La/136Ce and 138Ce/136Ce mean values of carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous chondrites are determined. The recommended carbonaceous chondritic 138Ce/136Ce mean value is 1.33684±2 (2 s.e., n=10) and and 138La/136Ce mean value is 0.1946±43 (2 s.e., n=14). The non-carbonaceous chondritic 138Ce/136Ce mean value is 1.33689±4 (2 s.e., n=17) 138La/136Ce mean value is 0.1823±46 (2 s.e., n=17) The application of the 138La-138Ce isotope system in combination with the 147Sm-143Nd isotope system is used to define the Ce-Nd mantle array comprising of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) and oceanic island basalts (OIBs). The chondritic 138Ce/136Ce mean value shows no overlap within uncertainties with the Ce-Nd mantle array. In contrast, the non-carbonaceous chondritic 138Ce/136Ce mean value intersects within uncertainties the Ce-Nd mantle array. In the last part of this thesis, 138La-138Ce measurements were performed on Archean mafic and felsic rocks from the Barberton Greenstone Belt and the Ancient Gneiss Complex from South Africa and the Itsaq Gneiss Complex from southwest Greenland, which belong to the oldest rocks on Earth (between 3.8 and 3.2 Ga). Undisturbed samples define a ε143Nd(t)-ε138Ce(t) correlation trend and intersect with the non-carbonaceous chondritic 138La-138Ce reference value in contrast to the chondritic and carbonaceous chondritic 138La-138Ce reference values. Consequently, the data show that for the 138La-138Ce system the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) is best described with a non-carbonaceous chondrite composition.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-121933 | ||||||||||||||
Date: | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute of Geology and Mineralog | ||||||||||||||
Subjects: | Earth sciences | ||||||||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 16 January 2020 | ||||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/12193 |
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