Universität zu Köln

Lawley, Justin S., Gatterer, Hannes ORCID: 0000-0002-5084-2930, Dias, Katrin A., Howden, Erin J., Sarma, Satyam, Cornwell, William K., III, Hearon, Christopher M., Jr., Samels, Mitchel, Everding, Braden, Bruick, Richard K., Hendrix, Max, Piper, Thomas, Thevis, Mario and Levine, Benjamin D. (2019). Safety, hemodynamic effects, and detection of acute xenon inhalation: rationale for banning xenon from sport. J. Appl. Physiol., 127 (6). S. 1511 - 1519. BETHESDA: AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC. ISSN 1522-1601

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Abstract

This study aimed to quantify the sedative effects, detection rates, and cardiovascular responses to xenon. On 3 occasions, participants breathed xenon (FiXe 30% for 20 min; FiXe 50% for 5 min; FiXe 70% for 2 min) in a nonblinded design. Sedation was monitored by a board-certified anesthesiologist. During 70% xenon, participants were also verbally instructed to operate a manual value with time-to-task failure being recorded. Beat-by-beat hemodynamics were measured continuously by ECG, photoplethysmography, and transcranial Doppler. Over 48 h postadministration, xenon was measured in blood and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Xenon caused variable levels of sedation and restlessness. Task failure of the self-operating value occurred at 60-90 s in most individuals. Over the first minute, 50% and 70% xenon caused a substantial reduction in total peripheral resistance (P < 0.05). All dosages caused an increase in cardiac output (P < 0.05). By the end of xenon inhalation, slight hypertension was observed after all three doses (P < 0.05), with an increase in middle cerebral artery velocity (P < 0.05). Xenon was consistently detected, albeit in trace amounts, up to 3 h after all three doses of xenon inhalation in blood and urine with variable results thereafter. Xenon inhalation caused sedation incompatible with self-operation of a breathing apparatus, thus causing a potential life-threatening condition in the absence of an anesthesiologist. Yet, xenon can only be reliably detected in blood and urine up to 3 h postacute dosing. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Breathing xenon in dosages conceivable for doping purposes (FiXe 30% for 20 min; FiXe 50% for 5 min; FiXe 70% for 2 min) causes an initial rapid fall in total peripheral resistance with tachycardia and thereafter a mild hypertension with elevated middle cerebral artery velocity. These dose duration intervals cause sedation that is incompatible with operating a breathing apparatus and can only be detected in blood and urine samples with a high probability for up to similar to 3 h.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Lawley, Justin S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gatterer, Hannes UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-2930 UNSPECIFIED Dias, Katrin A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Howden, Erin J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Sarma, Satyam UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Cornwell, William K., III UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hearon, Christopher M., Jr. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Samels, Mitchel UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Everding, Braden UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bruick, Richard K. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hendrix, Max UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Piper, Thomas UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thevis, Mario UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Levine, Benjamin D. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-125637
DOI:	10.1152/japplphysiol.00290.2019
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Appl. Physiol.
Volume:	127
Number:	6
Page Range:	S. 1511 - 1519
Date:	2019
Publisher:	AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
Place of Publication:	BETHESDA
ISSN:	1522-1601
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; ELIMINATION KINETICS; GENERAL-ANESTHESIA; STABLE-XENON; ISOFLURANE; SEVOFLURANE; COMBINATION; METABOLISM; PARAMETERS Multiple languages Physiology; Sport Sciences Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/12563