Universität zu Köln

Molinari, Sergio ORCID: 0000-0002-9826-7525, Baldeschi, Adriano, Robitaille, Thomas P., Morales, Esteban F. E., Schisano, Eugenio ORCID: 0000-0003-1560-3958, Traficante, Alessio ORCID: 0000-0003-1665-6402, Merello, Manuel, Molinaro, Marco ORCID: 0000-0001-5028-6041, Vitello, Fabio, Sciacca, Eva ORCID: 0000-0002-5574-2787 and Liu, Scige J. (2019). Evolution of young protoclusters embedded in dense massive clumps. A new grid of population synthesis SED models and a new set of L/M evolutionary tracks. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 486 (4). S. 4508 - 4526. OXFORD: OXFORD UNIV PRESS. ISSN 1365-2966

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Abstract

A grid of 20 millions 3-1100 mu m spectral energy distribution (SED) models is presented for synthetic young clusters embedded in dense clumps. The models depend on four primary parameters: the clump mass M-clump and dust temperature T-dust, the fraction of mass f(core) locked in dense cores, and the age of the clump t(SF). We populate the young stellar object (YSO) clusters using the Kroupa initial mass function and the YSOs SED models grid of Robitaille et al. We conduct extensive testing of SED fitting using a simulated data set and we find that M-clump essentially depends on the submillimetre portion of the SED, while T-dust is mostly determined from the shape of the SED in the 70-350 mu m range. Thanks to the large number of models computed, we verify that the combined analysis of L/M, [8-24] and [24-70] colours removes much of the SEDs f f(core)-t(SF) degeneracy. The L/M values are particularly useful to diagnose f(core). L/M <= 1 identifies protoclusters with f(core) <= 0.1 and t(SF) less than or similar to 10(5) yr, while L/M greater than or similar to 10 excludes f(core) <= 0.1. We characterize lower limits of L/M where zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) stars are not found in models, and we also find models with L/M >= 10 and no ZAMS stars, in which [8-24] greater than or similar to 0.8 +/- 0.1 independently from M-clump, temperature, and luminosity. This is the first set of synthesis SED models suited to model for embedded and unresolved clusters of YSOs. A set of new evolutionary tracks in the LIM diagram is also presented.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Molinari, Sergio UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-9826-7525 UNSPECIFIED Baldeschi, Adriano UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Robitaille, Thomas P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Morales, Esteban F. E. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schisano, Eugenio UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-3958 UNSPECIFIED Traficante, Alessio UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-6402 UNSPECIFIED Merello, Manuel UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Molinaro, Marco UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-6041 UNSPECIFIED Vitello, Fabio UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Sciacca, Eva UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-2787 UNSPECIFIED Liu, Scige J. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-136273
DOI:	10.1093/mnras/stz900
Journal or Publication Title:	Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
Volume:	486
Number:	4
Page Range:	S. 4508 - 4526
Date:	2019
Publisher:	OXFORD UNIV PRESS
Place of Publication:	OXFORD
ISSN:	1365-2966
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STELLAR OBJECTS; REGIONS; CLOUDS; GALAXY; STARS Multiple languages Astronomy & Astrophysics Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/13627