Universität zu Köln

Pithan, Felix, Svensson, Gunilla, Caballero, Rodrigo, Chechin, Dmitry ORCID: 0000-0003-0021-9945, Cronin, Timothy W., Ekman, Annica M. L., Neggers, Roel, Shupe, Matthew D., Solomon, Amy, Tjernstrom, Michael and Wendisch, Manfred ORCID: 0000-0002-4652-5561 (2018). Role of air-mass transformations in exchange between the Arctic and mid-latitudes. Nat. Geosci., 11 (11). S. 805 - 813. NEW YORK: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. ISSN 1752-0908

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Abstract

Pulses of warm and moist air from lower latitudes provide energy to the Arctic and form its main energy source outside of the summer months. These pulses can cause substantial surface warming and trigger ice melt. Air-mass transport in the opposite direction, away from the Arctic, leads to cold-air outbreaks. The outbreaks are often associated with cold extremes over continents, and extreme surface heat fluxes and occasional polar lows over oceans. Air masses advected across the strong Arctic-to-mid-latitude temperature gradient are rapidly transformed into colder and dryer or warmer and moister air masses by clouds, radiative and turbulent processes, particularly in the boundary layer. Phase changes from liquid to ice within boundary-layer clouds are critical in these air-mass transformations. The presence of liquid water determines the radiative effects of these clouds, whereas the presence of ice is crucial for subsequent cloud decay or dissipation, processes that are poorly represented in weather and climate models. We argue that a better understanding of how air masses are transformed on their way into and out of the Arctic is essential for improved prediction of weather and climate in the Arctic and mid-latitudes. Observational and modelling exercises should take an air-mass-following Lagrangian approach to attain these goals.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Pithan, Felix UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Svensson, Gunilla UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Caballero, Rodrigo UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Chechin, Dmitry UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-9945 UNSPECIFIED Cronin, Timothy W. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Ekman, Annica M. L. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Neggers, Roel UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Shupe, Matthew D. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Solomon, Amy UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Tjernstrom, Michael UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Wendisch, Manfred UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-5561 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-167247
DOI:	10.1038/s41561-018-0234-1
Journal or Publication Title:	Nat. Geosci.
Volume:	11
Number:	11
Page Range:	S. 805 - 813
Date:	2018
Publisher:	NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
Place of Publication:	NEW YORK
ISSN:	1752-0908
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language SUMMER CLOUD OCEAN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-ICE; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; CELL CONVECTION; FIELD CAMPAIGN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WARM-AIR; OUTBREAKS; SURFACE Multiple languages Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/16724