Prieto-Arranz, J., Palle, E., Gandolfi, D., Barragan, O., Guenther, E. W., Dai, F., Fridlund, M., Hirano, T., Livingston, J., Luque, R., Niraula, P., Persson, C. M., Redfield, S., Albrecht, S., Alonso, R., Antoniciello, G., Cabrera, J., Cochran, W. D., Csizmadia, Sz., Deeg, H., Eigmueller, Ph., Endl, M., Erikson, A., Everett, M. E., Fukui, A., Grziwa, S., Hatzes, A. P., Hidalgo, D., Hjorth, M., Korth, J., Lorenzo-Oliveira, D., Murgas, F., Narita, N., Nespral, D., Nowak, G., Paetzold, M., Rodriguez, P. Montanez, Rauer, H., Ribas, I., Smith, A. M. S., Trifonov, T., Van Eylen, V. and Winn, J. N. (2018). Mass determination of the 1:3:5 near-resonant planets transiting GJ 9827 (K2-135). Astron. Astrophys., 618. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Context. Multiplanet systems are excellent laboratories to test planet formation models as all planets are formed under the same initial conditions. In this context, systems transiting bright stars can play a key role, since planetary masses, radii, and bulk densities can be measured. Aims. GJ 9827 (K2-135) has recently been found to host a tightly packed system consisting of three transiting small planets whose orbital periods of 1.2, 3.6, and 6.2 days are near the 1:3:5 ratio. GJ 9827 hosts the nearest planetary system (similar to 30 pc) detected by NASA's Kepler or K2 space mission. Its brightness (V = 10.35 mag) makes the star an ideal target for detailed studies of the properties of its planets. Methods. Combining the K2 photometry with high-precision radial-velocity measurements gathered with the FIES, HARPS, and HARPS-N spectrographs we revised the system parameters and derive the masses of the three planets. Results. We find that GJ 9827 b has a mass of M-b = 3.69(-0.46)(+0.48) M-circle plus and a radius of R-b = 1.58(-0.13)(+0.14) R-circle plus, yielding a mean density of rho(b) = 5.11(-1.27)(+1.74) g cm(-3). GJ 9827 c has a mass of M-c = 1.45(-0.57)(+0.58) M-circle plus, radius of R-c = 1.24(-0.11)(+0.11) R-circle plus, and a mean density of rho(c) = 4.13(-1.77)(+2.31) g cm(-3). For GJ 9827 d, we derive M-d = 1.45(-0.57)(+0.58) M-circle plus, R-d = 1.24(-0.11)(+0.11) R-circle plus, and rho(d) = 1.51(-0.53)(+0.71) g cm(-3). Conclusions. GJ 9827 is one of the few known transiting planetary systems for which the masses of all planets have been determined with a precision better than 30%. This system is particularly interesting because all three planets are close to the limit between super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. The planetary bulk compositions are compatible with a scenario where all three planets formed with similar core and atmosphere compositions, and we speculate that while GJ 9827 b and GJ 9827 c lost their atmospheric envelopes, GJ 9827 d maintained its primordial atmosphere, owing to the much lower stellar irradiation. This makes GJ 9827 one of the very few systems where the dynamical evolution and the atmospheric escape can be studied in detail for all planets, helping us to understand how compact systems form and evolve.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Prieto-Arranz, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Palle, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Barragan, O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Guenther, E. W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dai, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hirano, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Livingston, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Luque, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Niraula, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Persson, C. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Redfield, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Albrecht, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Alonso, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Antoniciello, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cabrera, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cochran, W. D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, Sz.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Deeg, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eigmueller, Ph.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Endl, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Erikson, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Everett, M. E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fukui, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Grziwa, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hatzes, A. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hidalgo, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hjorth, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Korth, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lorenzo-Oliveira, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Murgas, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Narita, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nespral, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nowak, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Paetzold, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rodriguez, P. MontanezUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rauer, H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ribas, I.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Smith, A. M. S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Trifonov, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Van Eylen, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Winn, J. N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-169159
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832872
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 618
Date: 2018
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
COOL DWARF STARS; SUPER-EARTHS; FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; CLOSE ENCOUNTERS; BALMER LINES; K-DWARF; SYSTEMS; SPECTROGRAPHMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/16915

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