Universität zu Köln

Garrett, Ed ORCID: 0000-0001-9985-0651, Fujiwara, Osamu ORCID: 0000-0001-7749-5919, Riedesel, Svenja ORCID: 0000-0003-2936-8776, Walstra, Jan ORCID: 0000-0001-9721-124X, Deforce, Koen ORCID: 0000-0003-3075-2564, Yokoyama, Yusuke, Schmidt, Sabine ORCID: 0000-0002-5985-9747, Brueckner, Helmut, De Batist, Marc ORCID: 0000-0002-1625-2080 and Heyvaert, Vanessa M. A. (2018). Historical Nankai-Suruga megathrust earthquakes recorded by tsunami and terrestrial mass movement deposits on the Shirasuka coastal lowlands, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Holocene, 28 (6). S. 968 - 984. LONDON: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. ISSN 1477-0911

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Abstract

Geological investigations of coastal sediment sequences play a key role in verifying earthquake and tsunami characteristics inferred from historical records. In this paper, we present a multi-proxy investigation of a coastal lowland site facing the Nankai-Suruga megathrust and appraise evidence for tsunamis and earthquake-triggered terrestrial mass movements occurring over the last 800 years. Combining a high-resolution chronology with X-ray computed tomography and analyses of particle size, diatoms, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and aerial photographs, we present the most compelling geological evidence of the 1361 CE Koan (also known as Shohei) tsunami reported to date from any site along the megathrust. This finding is consistent with either of two recent hypotheses: a single larger rupture of both the Nankai and Tnankai regions or two smaller ruptures separated by a few days. Enhancing the site chronology using Bayesian age modelling, we verify evidence for inundation during the 1498 CE Mei tsunami. While previous investigations identified evidence for historically recorded tsunamis in 1605, 1707 and 1854 CE and a storm surge in 1680 or 1699 CE, we encountered a thick sand layer rather than discrete extreme wave deposits in this interval. The overprinting of evidence highlights the potential for geological records to underestimate the frequency of these events. A terrestrial mass movement also deposited a sand layer at the site; radionuclide dating and aerial photographs provide independent confirmation that this may have been triggered by intense shaking in 1944 CE during the most recent great Nankai-Suruga megathrust earthquake.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Garrett, Ed UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-0651 UNSPECIFIED Fujiwara, Osamu UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5919 UNSPECIFIED Riedesel, Svenja UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-8776 UNSPECIFIED Walstra, Jan UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-9721-124X UNSPECIFIED Deforce, Koen UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-2564 UNSPECIFIED Yokoyama, Yusuke UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schmidt, Sabine UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-5985-9747 UNSPECIFIED Brueckner, Helmut UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED De Batist, Marc UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-2080 UNSPECIFIED Heyvaert, Vanessa M. A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-183362
DOI:	10.1177/0959683617752844
Journal or Publication Title:	Holocene
Volume:	28
Number:	6
Page Range:	S. 968 - 984
Date:	2018
Publisher:	SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	1477-0911
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language TOHOKU-OKI TSUNAMI; SEA-LEVEL CHANGE; PACIFIC COAST; SLIP DISTRIBUTION; SEDIMENTARY; DIATOMS; TROUGH; SENDAI; STRATIGRAPHY; LANDSLIDES Multiple languages Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/18336