Universität zu Köln

Lier, H., Bernhard, M. and Hossfeld, B. (2018). Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock. Anaesthesist, 67 (3). S. 225 - 245. NEW YORK: SPRINGER. ISSN 1432-055X

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Abstract

The term shock refers to a life-threatening circulatory failure caused by an imbalance between the supply and demand of cellular oxygen. Hypovolemic shock is characterized by a reduction of intravascular volume and a subsequent reduction in preload. The body compensates the loss of volume by increasing the stroke volume, heart frequency, oxygen extraction rate, and later by an increased concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate with a rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve. Hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock impairs the macrocirculation and microcirculation and therefore affects many organ systems (e.g. kidneys, endocrine system and endothelium). For further identification of a state of shock caused by bleeding, vital functions, coagulation tests and hematopoietic procedures are implemented. Every hospital should be in possession of a specific protocol for massive transfusions. The differentiated systemic treatment of bleeding consists of maintenance of an adequate homeostasis and the administration of blood products and coagulation factors.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Lier, H. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bernhard, M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hossfeld, B. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-193123
DOI:	10.1007/s00101-018-0411-z
Journal or Publication Title:	Anaesthesist
Volume:	67
Number:	3
Page Range:	S. 225 - 245
Date:	2018
Publisher:	SPRINGER
Place of Publication:	NEW YORK
ISSN:	1432-055X
Language:	German
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language DAMAGE CONTROL RESUSCITATION; RANDOMIZED-CLINICAL-TRIAL; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; TRAUMA PATIENTS; MASSIVE TRANSFUSION; PLASMA TRANSFUSION; CIRCULATORY SHOCK; EUROPEAN-SOCIETY; CONTROL SURGERY; THERAPY Multiple languages Anesthesiology Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/19312