Universität zu Köln

Herpin, F., Baudry, A., Richards, A. M. S., Gray, M. D., Schneider, N., Menten, K. M., Wyrowski, F., Bontemps, S., Simon, R. and Wiesemeyer, H. (2017). First detection of a THz water maser in NGC 7538-IRS1 with SOFIA and new 22 GHz e-MERLIN maps. Astron. Astrophys., 606. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Context. The formation of massive stars (M > 10 M-circle dot, L > 10(3) L-circle dot) is still not well understood. Accumulating a large amount of mass infalling within a single entity in spite of radiation pressure is possible if, in addition to several other conditions, enough thermal energy is released. Despite numerous water line observations over a broad range of energies obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory, observations were not able to trace the emission from the hot core around the newly forming protostellar object in most of the sources. Aims. We wish to probe the physical conditions and water abundance in the inner layers of the host protostellar object NGC 7538-IRS1 using a highly excited H2O line. Water maser models predict that several THz water masers should be detectable in these objects. We therefore aim to detect the o-H2O 8(2),(7)-7(3,4) line in a star forming region for the first time. Model calculations have predicted this line to show maser action. Methods. We present SOFIA observations of the o-H2O 8(2),(7)-7(3,4) line at 1296.41106 GHz and a 6(16)-5(23) 22 GHz e-MERLIN map of the region (the very first 22 GHz images made after the e-MERLIN upgrade). In order to be able to constrain the nature of the emission - thermal or maser - we used near-simultaneous observations of the 22 GHz water maser performed with the Effelsberg radiotelescope and e-MERLIN. A thermal water model using the RATRAN radiative transfer code is presented based on HIFI pointed observations. Molecular water abundances are derived for the hot core. Results. The o-H2O 82; 7 73; 4 line is detected toward NGC 7538-IRS1 with one feature at the source velocity (-57.7 km s(-1)) and another one at -48.4 km s(-1). We propose that the emission at the source velocity is consistent with thermal excitation and is excited in the innermost part of the IRS1a, in the closest circumstellar environment of the massive protostellar object. The other emission is very likely the first detection of a water THz maser line, pumped by shocks due to the IRS1b outflow, in a star-forming region. Assuming thermal excitation of the THz line, the water abundance in the hot core of NGC 7538-IRS1 is estimated to be 5 : 2 x 10(-5) with respect to H-2.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Herpin, F. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Baudry, A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Richards, A. M. S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gray, M. D. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schneider, N. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Menten, K. M. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Wyrowski, F. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bontemps, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Simon, R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Wiesemeyer, H. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-214419
DOI:	10.1051/0004-6361/201731056
Journal or Publication Title:	Astron. Astrophys.
Volume:	606
Date:	2017
Publisher:	EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication:	LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN:	1432-0746
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language STAR-FORMING REGIONS; 7538 IRS 1; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; METHANOL MASERS; NGC-7538 REGION; H2O MASERS; EXCITATION; MILLIMETER; ENVELOPES Multiple languages Astronomy & Astrophysics Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/21441