Universität zu Köln

Dumack, Kenneth ORCID: 0000-0001-8798-0483, Mylnikov, Alexander P. and Bonkowski, Michael ORCID: 0000-0003-2656-1183 (2017). Evolutionary Relationship of the Scale-Bearing Kraken (incertae sedis, Monadofilosa, Cercozoa, Rhizaria): Combining Ultrastructure Data and a Two-Gene Phylogeny. Protist, 168 (3). S. 362 - 374. JENA: ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG. ISSN 1434-4610

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Abstract

The genus Kraken represents a distinct lineage of filose amoebae within the Cercozoa. Currently a single species, Kraken carinae, has been described. SSU rDNA phylogeny showed an affiliation to the Cercomonadida, branching with weak support at its base, close to Paracercomonas, Metabolomonas, and Brevimastigomonas. Light microscopical analyses showed several unique features of the genus Kraken, but ultrastructure data were lacking. In this study, K. carinae has been studied by electron microscopy, these data conjoined with a two-gene phylogeny were used to give more insight into the evolutionary relationship of the genus Kraken within Cercozoa. The data confirmed the absence of flagella, but also showed novel characteristics, such as the presence of extrusomes, osmiophilic bodies, and mitochondria with flat cristae. Surprising was the presence of single-tier scales which are carried by cell outgrowths, much of what is expected of the last common ancestor of the class Imbricatea. The phylogenetic analyses however confirmed previous results, indicating Kraken as a sister group to Paracercomonas in Sarcomonadea with an increased but still low support of 0.98 PP/63 BP. Based on the unique features of Kraken we establish the Krakenidae fam. nov. that we, due to contradictory results in morphology and phylogeny, assign incertae sedis, Monadofilosa. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Dumack, Kenneth UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-0483 UNSPECIFIED Mylnikov, Alexander P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bonkowski, Michael UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-1183 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-226083
DOI:	10.1016/j.protis.2017.04.004
Journal or Publication Title:	Protist
Volume:	168
Number:	3
Page Range:	S. 362 - 374
Date:	2017
Publisher:	ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
Place of Publication:	JENA
ISSN:	1434-4610
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language Microbiology Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/22608