Universität zu Köln

Andres, Susanne, Ziegenhagen, Rainer, Trefflich, Iris, Pevny, Sophie, Schultrich, Katharina, Braun, Hans, Schaenzer, Wilhelm, Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico, Schaefer, Bernd and Lampen, Alfonso (2017). Creatine and creatine forms intended for sports nutrition. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 61 (6). HOBOKEN: WILEY. ISSN 1613-4133

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Abstract

Creatine is a popular ergogenic supplement in sports nutrition. Yet, supplementation of creatine occasionally caused adverse effects such as gastrointestinal complaints, muscle cramps and an increase in body weight. Creatine monohydrate has already been evaluated by different competent authorities and several have come to the conclusion that a daily intake of 3 g creatine per person is unlikely to pose safety concerns, focusing on healthy adults with exclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women. Possible vulnerable subgroups were also discussed in relation to the safety of creatine. The present review provides an up-to-date overview of the relevant information with special focus on human studies regarding the safety of creatine monohydrate and other marketed creatine forms, in particular creatine pyruvate, creatine citrate, creatine malate, creatine taurinate, creatine phosphate, creatine orotate, creatine ethyl ester, creatine pyroglutamate, creatine gluconate, and magnesium creatine chelate. Limited data are available with regard to the safety of the latter creatine forms. Considering an acceptable creatine intake of 3 g per day, most of the evaluated creatine forms are unlikely to pose safety concerns, however some safety concerns regarding a supplementary intake of creatine orotate, creatine phosphate, and magnesium creatine chelate are discussed here.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Andres, Susanne UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Ziegenhagen, Rainer UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Trefflich, Iris UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Pevny, Sophie UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schultrich, Katharina UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Braun, Hans UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schaenzer, Wilhelm UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schaefer, Bernd UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Lampen, Alfonso UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-229007
DOI:	10.1002/mnfr.201600772
Journal or Publication Title:	Mol. Nutr. Food Res.
Volume:	61
Number:	6
Date:	2017
Publisher:	WILEY
Place of Publication:	HOBOKEN
ISSN:	1613-4133
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language ANAEROBIC WORKING CAPACITY; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENT USE; MALE BODY-BUILDERS; ETHYL-ESTER; DOUBLE-BLIND; PHOSPHATE SUPPLEMENTATION; PYRUVATE SUPPLEMENTATION; ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSES; SCIENTIFIC OPINION; PARKINSON DISEASE Multiple languages Food Science & Technology Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/22900