Universität zu Köln

Lang, Thomas ORCID: 0000-0002-3720-8038, Van Loon, Jack J. W. A., Bloomfield, Susan, Vico, Laurence ORCID: 0000-0002-2110-287X, Chopard, Angele, Rittweger, Joern, Kyparos, Antonios, Blottner, Dieter ORCID: 0000-0003-0355-3340, Vuori, Ilkka, Gerzer, Rupert and Cavanagh, Peter R. (2017). Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities. NPJ Microgravity, 3. LONDON: SPRINGERNATURE. ISSN 2373-8065

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Abstract

Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermeasures implemented on the International Space Station have evidenced reduction of bone and muscle loss on low-Earth orbit missions of several months in length, important knowledge gaps must be addressed in order to develop effective strategies for managing human musculoskeletal health on exploration class missions well beyond Earth orbit. Analog environments, such as bed rest and/or isolation environments, may be employed in conjunction with large sample sizes to understand sex differences in countermeasure effectiveness, as well as interaction of exercise with pharmacologic, nutritional, immune system, sleep and psychological countermeasures. Studies of musculoskeletal biomechanics, involving both human subject and computer simulation studies, are essential to developing strategies to avoid bone fractures or other injuries to connective tissue during exercise and extravehicular activities. Animal models may be employed to understand effects of the space environment that cannot be modeled using human analog studies. These include studies of radiation effects on bone and muscle, unraveling the effects of genetics on bone and muscle loss, and characterizing the process of fracture healing in the mechanically unloaded and immuno-compromised spaceflight environment. In addition to setting the stage for evidence-based management of musculoskeletal health in long-duration space missions, the body of knowledge acquired in the process of addressing this array of scientific problems will lend insight into the understanding of terrestrial health conditions such as age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Lang, Thomas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-3720-8038 UNSPECIFIED Van Loon, Jack J. W. A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bloomfield, Susan UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Vico, Laurence UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-2110-287X UNSPECIFIED Chopard, Angele UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Rittweger, Joern UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kyparos, Antonios UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Blottner, Dieter UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-3340 UNSPECIFIED Vuori, Ilkka UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gerzer, Rupert UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Cavanagh, Peter R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-239805
DOI:	10.1038/s41526-017-0013-0
Journal or Publication Title:	NPJ Microgravity
Volume:	3
Date:	2017
Publisher:	SPRINGERNATURE
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	2373-8065
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language LONG-DURATION SPACEFLIGHT; HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PROXIMAL FEMORAL STRENGTH; RESISTIVE VIBRATION EXERCISE; WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION; PROLONGED BED REST; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS; IONIZING-RADIATION; HEALING RESPONSES Multiple languages Multidisciplinary Sciences Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/23980