Universität zu Köln

Troemel, Silke, Ryzhkov, Alexander V., Diederich, Malte, Muehlbauer, Kai, Kneifel, Stefan ORCID: 0000-0003-2220-2968, Snyder, Jeffrey and Simmer, Clemens (2017). Multisensor Characterization of Mammatus. Mon. Weather Rev., 145 (1). S. 235 - 252. BOSTON: AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC. ISSN 1520-0493

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Abstract

Multisensor observations of anvil mammatus are analyzed in order to gain a more detailed understanding of their spatiotemporal structure and microphysical characterization. Remarkable polarimetric radar signatures are detected for the Pentecost 2014 supercell in Northrhine Westfalia, Germany, and severe storms in Oklahoma along their mammatus-bearing anvil bases. Radar reflectivity at horizontal polarization Z(H) and cross-correlation coefficient rHV decrease downward toward the bottom of the anvil while differential reflectivity Z(DR) rapidly increases, consistent with the signature of crystal depositional growth. The differential reflectivity Z(DR) within mammatus exceeds 2 dB in the Pentecost storm and in several Oklahoma severe convective storms examined for this paper. Observations from a zenith-pointing Ka-band cloud radar and a Doppler wind lidar during the Pentecost storm indicate the presence of a supercooled liquid layer of at least 200-300-m depth near the anvil base at temperatures between -15 degrees and -30 degrees C. These liquid drops, which are presumably generated in localized areas of vertical velocities of up to 1.5 m s(-1), coexist with ice particles identified by cloud radar. The authors hypothesize that pristine crystals grow rapidly within these layers of supercooled water, and that oriented planar ice crystals falling from the liquid layers lead to high Z(DR) at precipitation radar frequencies. A mammatus detection strategy using precipitation radar observations is presented, based on a methodology so far mainly used for the detection of updrafts in convective storms. Owing to the presence of a supercooled liquid layer detected above the mammatus lobes, the new detection strategy might also be relevant for aviation safety.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Troemel, Silke UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Ryzhkov, Alexander V. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Diederich, Malte UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Muehlbauer, Kai UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kneifel, Stefan UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-2968 UNSPECIFIED Snyder, Jeffrey UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Simmer, Clemens UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-247898
DOI:	10.1175/MWR-D-16-0187.1
Journal or Publication Title:	Mon. Weather Rev.
Volume:	145
Number:	1
Page Range:	S. 235 - 252
Date:	2017
Publisher:	AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
Place of Publication:	BOSTON
ISSN:	1520-0493
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language RADAR OBSERVATIONS; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; PART I; POLARIZATION RADAR; DOPPLER RADAR; ICE; CLOUDS; WATER; LIDAR; ENVIRONMENTS Multiple languages Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/24789