Soliveres, Santiago, van der Plas, Fons, Manning, Peter ORCID: 0000-0002-7940-2023, Prati, Daniel, Gossner, Martin M. ORCID: 0000-0003-1516-6364, Renner, Swen C., Alt, Fabian, Arndt, Hartmut ORCID: 0000-0003-2811-3595, Baumgartner, Vanessa, Binkenstein, Julia, Birkhofer, Klaus, Blaser, Stefan, Bluethgen, Nico, Boch, Steffen, Boehm, Stefan, Boerschig, Carmen, Buscot, Francois ORCID: 0000-0002-2364-0006, Diekoetter, Tim, Heinze, Johannes ORCID: 0000-0002-3556-5883, Hoelzel, Norbert, Jung, Kirsten, Klaus, Valentin H. ORCID: 0000-0002-7469-6800, Kleinebecker, Till ORCID: 0000-0003-1121-2861, Klemmer, Sandra, Krauss, Jochen ORCID: 0000-0003-2304-9117, Lange, Markus, Morris, E. Kathryn, Mueller, Joerg, Oelmann, Yvonne, Overmann, Joerg, Pasalic, Esther, Rillig, Matthias C. ORCID: 0000-0003-3541-7853, Schaefer, H. Martin, Schloter, Michael, Schmitt, Barbara, Schoening, Ingo, Schrumpf, Marion, Sikorski, Johannes ORCID: 0000-0002-1890-5540, Socher, Stephanie A., Solly, Emily F., Sonnemann, Ilja, Sorkau, Elisabeth, Steckel, Juliane, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Stempfhuber, Barbara, Tschapka, Marco, Tuerke, Manfred, Venter, Paul C., Weiner, Christiane N., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Werner, Michael, Westphal, Catrin ORCID: 0000-0002-2615-1339, Wilcke, Wolfgang ORCID: 0000-0002-6031-4613, Wolters, Volkmar ORCID: 0000-0002-7556-4578, Wubet, Tesfaye ORCID: 0000-0001-8572-4486, Wurst, Susanne, Fischer, Markus ORCID: 0000-0002-5589-5900 and Allan, Eric ORCID: 0000-0001-9641-9436 (2016). Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature, 536 (7617). S. 456 - 472. LONDON: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. ISSN 1476-4687

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Abstract

Many experiments have shown that loss of biodiversity reduces the capacity of ecosystems to provide the multiple services on which humans depend(1,2). However, experiments necessarily simplify the complexity of natural ecosystems and will normally control for other important drivers of ecosystem functioning, such as the environment or land use. In addition, existing studies typically focus on the diversity of single trophic groups, neglecting the fact that biodiversity loss occurs across many taxa(3,4) and that the functional effects of any trophic group may depend on the abundance and diversity of others(5,6). Here we report analysis of the relationships between the species richness and abundance of nine trophic groups, including 4,600 above-and below-ground taxa, and 14 ecosystem services and functions and with their simultaneous provision (or multifunctionality) in 150 grasslands. We show that high species richness in multiple trophic groups (multitrophic richness) had stronger positive effects on ecosystem services than richness in any individual trophic group; this includes plant species richness, the most widely used measure of biodiversity. On average, three trophic groups influenced each ecosystem service, with each trophic group influencing at least one service. Multitrophic richness was particularly beneficial for 'regulating' and 'cultural' services, and for multifunctionality, whereas a change in the total abundance of species or biomass in multiple trophic groups (the multitrophic abundance) positively affected supporting services. Multitrophic richness and abundance drove ecosystem functioning as strongly as abiotic conditions and land-use intensity, extending previous experimental results(7,8) to real-world ecosystems. Primary producers, herbivorous insects and microbial decomposers seem to be particularly important drivers of ecosystem functioning, as shown by the strong and frequent positive associations of their richness or abundance with multiple ecosystem services. Our results show that multitrophic richness and abundance support ecosystem functioning, and demonstrate that a focus on single groups has led to researchers to greatly underestimate the functional importance of biodiversity.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Soliveres, SantiagoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van der Plas, FonsUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Manning, PeterUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-7940-2023UNSPECIFIED
Prati, DanielUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gossner, Martin M.UNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-1516-6364UNSPECIFIED
Renner, Swen C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Alt, FabianUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Arndt, HartmutUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-2811-3595UNSPECIFIED
Baumgartner, VanessaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Binkenstein, JuliaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Birkhofer, KlausUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Blaser, StefanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bluethgen, NicoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Boch, SteffenUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Boehm, StefanUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Boerschig, CarmenUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Buscot, FrancoisUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-2364-0006UNSPECIFIED
Diekoetter, TimUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Heinze, JohannesUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-3556-5883UNSPECIFIED
Hoelzel, NorbertUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jung, KirstenUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Klaus, Valentin H.UNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-7469-6800UNSPECIFIED
Kleinebecker, TillUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-1121-2861UNSPECIFIED
Klemmer, SandraUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Krauss, JochenUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-2304-9117UNSPECIFIED
Lange, MarkusUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Morris, E. KathrynUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Mueller, JoergUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Oelmann, YvonneUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Overmann, JoergUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pasalic, EstherUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Rillig, Matthias C.UNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0003-3541-7853UNSPECIFIED
Schaefer, H. MartinUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schloter, MichaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schmitt, BarbaraUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schoening, IngoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schrumpf, MarionUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sikorski, JohannesUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-1890-5540UNSPECIFIED
Socher, Stephanie A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Solly, Emily F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sonnemann, IljaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Sorkau, ElisabethUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Steckel, JulianeUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Steffan-Dewenter, IngolfUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stempfhuber, BarbaraUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tschapka, MarcoUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tuerke, ManfredUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Venter, Paul C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Weiner, Christiane N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Weisser, Wolfgang W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Werner, MichaelUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Westphal, CatrinUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-2615-1339UNSPECIFIED
Wilcke, WolfgangUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4613UNSPECIFIED
Wolters, VolkmarUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-7556-4578UNSPECIFIED
Wubet, TesfayeUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-8572-4486UNSPECIFIED
Wurst, SusanneUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fischer, MarkusUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0002-5589-5900UNSPECIFIED
Allan, EricUNSPECIFIEDorcid.org/0000-0001-9641-9436UNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-266287
DOI: 10.1038/nature19092
Journal or Publication Title: Nature
Volume: 536
Number: 7617
Page Range: S. 456 - 472
Date: 2016
Publisher: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
Place of Publication: LONDON
ISSN: 1476-4687
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
LAND-USE INTENSITY; PLANT; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY; CONSEQUENCES; HERBIVORE; RICHNESS; SERVICES; WEAKENS; IMPACTMultiple languages
Multidisciplinary SciencesMultiple languages
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/26628

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