Universität zu Köln

Magarin, Manuela, Pohl, Toni, Lill, Anette, Schulz, Herbert, Blaschke, Florian, Heuser, Arnd ORCID: 0000-0002-3334-960X, Thierfelder, Ludwig, Donath, Stefan and Drenckhahn, Joerg-Detlef (2016). Embryonic cardiomyocytes can orchestrate various cell protective mechanisms to survive mitochondrial stress. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 97. S. 1 - 15. OXFORD: ELSEVIER SCI LTD. ISSN 1095-8584

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Abstract

Whereas adult cardiomyocytes are highly susceptible to stress, cardiomyocytes in the prenatal heart appear to be rather resistant. To investigate how embryonic cardiomyocytes respond to metabolic stress in vivo, we utilized tissue mosaicism for mitochondrial dysfunction in 13.5 dpc mouse hearts. The latter is based on inactivation of the X-linked gene encoding Holocytochrome c synthase (Hccs), which is essential for mitochondrial respiration. In heterozygous heart conditional Hccs knockout females (cHccs(+/-)) random X chromosomal inactivation results in a mosaic of healthy and HCCS deficient cells in the myocardium. Microarray RNA expression analyses identified genes involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) and programmed cell death as differentially expressed in cHccs(+/-) versus control embryonic hearts. Activation of the UPR is localized to HCCS deficient cardiomyocytes but does not involve ER stress pathways, suggesting that it is caused by defective mitochondria. Consistently, mitochondrial chaperones, such as HSP10 and HSP60, but not ER chaperones are induced in defective cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction can result in oxidative stress, but no evidence for excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species) production was observed in cHccs(+/-) hearts. Instead, the antioxidative proteins SOD2 and PRDX3 are induced, suggesting that ROS detoxification prevents oxidative damage in HCCS deficient cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction and unrestricted UPR can induce cell death, and we detected the initiation of upstream events of both intrinsic as well as extrinsic apoptosis in cHccs(+/-) hearts. Cell death is not executed, however, suggesting the activation of antiapoptotic mechanisms. Whereas most apoptosis inhibitors are either unchanged or downregulated in HCCS deficient cardiomyocytes, Bcl-2 and ARC (apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain) are induced. Given that ARC can inhibit both apoptotic pathways as well as necrosis and attenuates UPR, we generated cHccs(+/-) embryos on an Arc knockout background (cHccs(+/-),Arc(-/-)). Surprisingly, the absence of ARC does not induce cell death in embryonic or postnatal HCCS deficient cardiomyocytes and adult cHccs(+/-), Arc(-/-) mice exhibit normal cardiac morphology and function. Taken together, our data demonstrate an impressive plasticity of embryonic cardiomyocytes to respond to metabolic stress, the loss of which might be involved in the high susceptibility of postnatal cardiomyocytes to cell death. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Magarin, Manuela UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Pohl, Toni UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Lill, Anette UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schulz, Herbert UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Blaschke, Florian UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Heuser, Arnd UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-3334-960X UNSPECIFIED Thierfelder, Ludwig UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Donath, Stefan UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Drenckhahn, Joerg-Detlef UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-267964
DOI:	10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.007
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.
Volume:	97
Page Range:	S. 1 - 15
Date:	2016
Publisher:	ELSEVIER SCI LTD
Place of Publication:	OXFORD
ISSN:	1095-8584
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; APOPTOSIS INHIBITOR ARC; FETAL GENE PROGRAM; NF-KAPPA-B; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MEDIATED LONGEVITY; ER STRESS; HEART; DEATH; MYOCARDIUM Multiple languages Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/26796