Universität zu Köln

Schmiedeke, A., Schilke, P., Moeller, Th., Sanchez-Monge, A., Bergin, E., Comito, C., Csengeri, T., Lis, D. C., Molinari, S., Qin, S. -L. and Rolffs, R. (2016). The physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2 I. Three-dimensional thermal dust and free-free continuum modeling on 100 au to 45 pc scales. Astron. Astrophys., 588. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Context. We model the dust and free-free continuum emission in the high-mass star-forming region Sagittarius B2. Aims. We want to reconstruct the 3D density and dust temperature distribution, as a crucial input to follow-up studies of the gas velocity field and molecular abundances. Methods. We employ the 3D radiative transfer program RADMC-3D to calculate the dust temperature self-consistently, providing a given initial density distribution. This density distribution of the entire cloud complex is then recursively reconstructed, based on available continuum maps, including both single-dish and high-resolution interferometric maps that cover a wide frequency range (v = 40 GHz-4 THz). The model covers spatial scales from 45 pc down to 100 au, i. e., a spatial dynamic range of 10(5). Results. We find that the density distribution of Sagittarius B2 can be reasonably well fitted by applying a superposition of spherical cores with Plummer-like density profiles. To reproduce the spectral energy distribution, we position Sgr B2(N) along the line of sight behind the plane containing Sgr B2(M). We find that the entire cloud complex comprises a total gas mass of 8.0 x 10(6) M-circle dot within a diameter of 45 pc. This corresponds to an averaged gas density of 170 M-circle dot pc 3. We estimate stellar masses of 2400 M-circle dot and 20 700 M-circle dot and luminosities of 1.8 x 10(6) L-circle dot and 1.2 x 10(7) L-circle dot for Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M), respectively. We report H-2 column densities of 2.9 x 10(24) cm(2) for Sgr B2(N) and 2.5 x 10(24) cm(-2) for Sgr B2(M) in a 40 '' beam. For Sgr B2(S), we derive a stellar mass of 1100 M-circle dot, a luminosity of 6.6 x 10(5) L-circle dot, and an H-2 column density of 2.2 x 10(24) cm 2 in a 40 '' beam. We calculate a star formation efficiency of 5% for Sgr B2(N) and 50% for Sgr B2(M). This indicates that most of the gas content in Sgr B2(M) has already been converted to stars or dispersed.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Schmiedeke, A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schilke, P. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Moeller, Th. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Sanchez-Monge, A. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bergin, E. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Comito, C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Csengeri, T. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Lis, D. C. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Molinari, S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Qin, S. -L. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Rolffs, R. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-279665
DOI:	10.1051/0004-6361/201527311
Journal or Publication Title:	Astron. Astrophys.
Volume:	588
Date:	2016
Publisher:	EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication:	LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN:	1432-0746
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language STAR-FORMING REGIONS; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; CARLO RADIATION TRANSFER; H 2 REGIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; HERSCHEL OBSERVATIONS; CENTIMETER CONTINUUM; EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS; STELLAR PARAMETERS; IONIZED-GAS Multiple languages Astronomy & Astrophysics Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/27966