Universität zu Köln

Miralles, Aurelien, Bruy, Teddy, Wolcott, Katherine ORCID: 0000-0002-6025-4569, Scherz, Mark D. ORCID: 0000-0002-4613-7761, Begerow, Dominik, Beszteri, Bank, Bonkowski, Michael, Felden, Janine, Gemeinholzer, Birgit, Glaw, Frank, Gloeckner, Frank Oliver, Hawlitschek, Oliver, Kostadinov, Ivaylo, Nattkemper, Tim W., Printzen, Christian, Renz, Jasmin, Rybalka, Nataliya ORCID: 0000-0002-3250-3679, Stadler, Marc, Weibulat, Tanja, Wilke, Thomas ORCID: 0000-0001-8263-7758, Renner, Susanne S. and Vences, Miguel (2020). Repositories for Taxonomic Data: Where We Are and What is Missing. Syst. Biol., 69 (6). S. 1231 - 1254. OXFORD: OXFORD UNIV PRESS. ISSN 1076-836X

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Abstract

Natural history collections are leading successful large-scale projects of specimen digitization (images, metadata, DNA barcodes), thereby transforming taxonomy into a big data science. Yet, little effort has been directed towards safeguarding and subsequently mobilizing the considerable amount of original data generated during the process of naming 15,000-20,000 species every year. From the perspective of alpha-taxonomists, we provide a review of the properties and diversity of taxonomic data, assess their volume and use, and establish criteria for optimizing data repositories. We surveyed 4113 alpha-taxonomic studies in representative journals for 2002, 2010, and 2018, and found an increasing yet comparatively limited use of molecular data in species diagnosis and description. In 2018, of the 2661 papers published in specialized taxonomic journals, molecular data were widely used in mycology (94%), regularly in vertebrates (53%), but rarely in botany (15%) and entomology (10%). Images play an important role in taxonomic research on all taxa, with photographs used in >80% and drawings in 58% of the surveyed papers. The use of omics (high-throughput) approaches or 3D documentation is still rare. Improved archiving strategies for metabarcoding consensus reads, genome and transcriptome assemblies, and chemical and metabolomic data could help to mobilize the wealth of high-throughput data for alphataxonomy. Because long-term-ideally perpetual-data storage is of particular importance for taxonomy, energy footprint reduction via less storage-demanding formats is a priority if their information content suffices for the purpose of taxonomic studies. Whereas taxonomic assignments are quasifacts for most biological disciplines, they remain hypotheses pertaining to evolutionary relatedness of individuals for alpha-taxonomy. For this reason, an improved reuse of taxonomic data, including machine-learning-based species identification and delimitation pipelines, requires a cyberspecimen approachlinking data via unique specimen identifiers, and thereby making them findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable for taxonomic research. This poses both qualitative challenges to adapt the existing infrastructure of data centers to a specimencentered concept and quantitative challenges to host and connect an estimated <2 million images produced per year by alpha-taxonomic studies, plus many millions of images from digitization campaigns. Of the 30,000-40,000 taxonomists globally, many are thought to be nonprofessionals, and capturing the data for online storage and reuse therefore requires low-complexity submission workflows and cost-free repository use. Expert taxonomists are the main stakeholders able to identify and formalize the needs of the discipline; their expertise is needed to implement the envisioned virtual collections of cyberspecimens.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Miralles, Aurelien UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bruy, Teddy UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Wolcott, Katherine UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-4569 UNSPECIFIED Scherz, Mark D. UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-7761 UNSPECIFIED Begerow, Dominik UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Beszteri, Bank UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bonkowski, Michael UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Felden, Janine UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gemeinholzer, Birgit UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Glaw, Frank UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Gloeckner, Frank Oliver UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hawlitschek, Oliver UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kostadinov, Ivaylo UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Nattkemper, Tim W. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Printzen, Christian UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Renz, Jasmin UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Rybalka, Nataliya UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-3679 UNSPECIFIED Stadler, Marc UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Weibulat, Tanja UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Wilke, Thomas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-7758 UNSPECIFIED Renner, Susanne S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Vences, Miguel UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-312930
DOI:	10.1093/sysbio/syaa026
Journal or Publication Title:	Syst. Biol.
Volume:	69
Number:	6
Page Range:	S. 1231 - 1254
Date:	2020
Publisher:	OXFORD UNIV PRESS
Place of Publication:	OXFORD
ISSN:	1076-836X
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language PHOTOGRAPHY-BASED TAXONOMY; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; SPECIES DELIMITATION; POTENTIALLY HARMFUL; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; EMPIRICAL EXAMPLE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BIG DATA; IDENTIFICATION; INFORMATION Multiple languages Evolutionary Biology Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/31293