Universität zu Köln

Brill, Dominik ORCID: 0000-0001-8637-4641, Seeger, Katharina, Pint, Anna, Reize, Felix, Hlaing, Kay Thwe, Seeliger, Martin, Opitz, Stephan, Win, Khin Mi Mi, Nyunt, Win Thuzar, Aye, Nilar, Aung, Aung, Kyaw, Kyaw, Kraas, Frauke ORCID: 0000-0002-3498-6758 and Brueckner, Helmut (2020). Modern and historical tropical cyclone and tsunami deposits at the coast of Myanmar: Implications for their identification and preservation in the geological record. Sedimentology, 67 (3). S. 1431 - 1460. HOBOKEN: WILEY. ISSN 1365-3091

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Abstract

The catastrophic storm surge of tropical cyclone Nargis in May 2008 demonstrated Myanmar's exposure to coastal flooding. The investigation of sediments left by tropical cyclone Nargis and its predecessors is an important contribution to prepare for the impact of future tropical cyclones and tsunamis in the region, because they may extend the database for long-term hazard assessment beyond the relatively short instrumental and historical record. This study, for the first time, presents deposits of modern and historical tropical cyclones and tsunamis from the coast of Myanmar. The aim is to establish regional sedimentary characteristics that may help to identify and discriminate cyclones and tsunamis in the geological record, and to document post-depositional changes due to tropical weathering in the first years after deposition. These findings if used to interpret older deposits will extend the existing instrumental record of flooding events in Myanmar. Evaluating deposits that can be related to specific events, such as the 2006 tropical cyclone Mala and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, indicates similar sedimentary characteristics for both types of sediments. Landward thinning and fining trends, littoral sediment sources and sharp lower contacts allow for the differentiation from underlying deposits, while discrimination between tropical cyclone and tsunami origin is challenging based on the applied methods. The modern analogues also demonstrate a rather low preservation potential of the sand sheets due to carbonate dissolution, formation of organic top soils, and coastal erosion. However, in coastal depressions sand sheets of sufficient thickness (>10 cm) may be preserved where the shoreline is prograding or stable. In the most seaward swale of a beach-ridge plain at the Rakhine coast, two sand sheets have been identified in addition to the deposits of 2006 tropical cyclone Mala. Based on a combination of optically stimulated luminescence, radiocarbon and Cs-137 dating, the younger sand layer is related to 1982 tropical cyclone Gwa, while the older sand layer is most probably the result of an event that took place prior to 1950. Comparison with historical records indicates that the archive is only sensitive to tropical cyclones of category 4 (or higher) with landfall directly in or a few tens of kilometres north of the study area. While the presented tropical cyclone records are restricted to the last 100 years, optically stimulated luminescence ages of the beach ridges indicate that the swales landward of the one investigated in this study might provide tropical cyclone information for at least the past 700 years.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Brill, Dominik UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-4641 UNSPECIFIED Seeger, Katharina UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Pint, Anna UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Reize, Felix UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hlaing, Kay Thwe UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Seeliger, Martin UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Opitz, Stephan UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Win, Khin Mi Mi UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Nyunt, Win Thuzar UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Aye, Nilar UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Aung, Aung UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kyaw, Kyaw UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kraas, Frauke UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-6758 UNSPECIFIED Brueckner, Helmut UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-339527
DOI:	10.1111/sed.12586
Journal or Publication Title:	Sedimentology
Volume:	67
Number:	3
Page Range:	S. 1431 - 1460
Date:	2020
Publisher:	WILEY
Place of Publication:	HOBOKEN
ISSN:	1365-3091
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Geosciences > Geographisches Institut
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language STORM-SURGE; NORTHERN BAY; EARTHQUAKES; HAZARD; TYPHOON; BENGAL; SINGLE; SEDIMENTATION; DEFORMATION; PHILIPPINES Multiple languages Geology Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/33952