Alberton, Ori
(2021).
Novel phases and phase transitions in open quantum systems: Condensates, Many-body localization and entanglement.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
In this thesis we explore different phenomena occurring in open quantum many-body systems. This is a research field which is becoming increasingly more important due to the experimental progress towards realization of quantum-simulators and quantum computers using a variety of platforms, from ultracold atoms to superconducting qubit arrays. These systems are inherently driven and open, and it is an ongoing effort to develop theoretical tools and approaches to study their non-equilibrium physics. In the first part of this thesis we explore the different non-equilibrium condensate phases of resonantly interacting bosons in the presence of coherent pump and incoherent losses. This study might be of relevance to existing Rydberg-polariton setups. We derive an effective non-equilibrium field-theory of this model and study its resulting phase diagram. We find a rich phase diagram in- cluding a phase where particles form a condensate of tightly bound molecules. By changing the detuning from the scattering resonance it is possible to drive an Ising phase transition from the molecule condensate phase to a more standard atom condensate phase. In the second part of this thesis we explore the many-body localization (MBL) transition in an open-driven system. Typically, coupling to a bath is expected to destroy localization and transform the sharp MBL transition to a crossover. Here we show how one can use the couplings to non- equilibrium baths in order to detect sharp signatures of the transition, including the divergence of the dynamical exponent in the Griffith regime of the ergodic phase. This is done by solving for the steady-state of the Lindblad quantum-master equation using matrix-product operator tech- niques. Our work here suggests a new scalable numerical approach to study the MBL transition. In the third part of this thesis we study the entanglement properties of measurement trajectories in a free-fermion system subject to dephasing noise. These trajectories describe the evolution of an open system when photons exiting the system are continuously monitored. We are inspired by recent works which studied the entanglement dynamics in hybrid quantum circuits consisting of random-unitary gates and projective measurements. There it was found that a phase transition between a phase with volume-law scaling of entanglement and an area-law phase occurs at a critical value of the measurement rate. In our case we find a new regime, where at weak noise rate the system exhibits logarithmic entanglement scaling, similar to that of (1 + 1)d conformal field- theories. For some measurement protocols, we find a transition to an area-law phase at a critical noise strength.
| Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
| Creators: |
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| URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-355726 | ||||||||
| Date: | 12 February 2021 | ||||||||
| Language: | English | ||||||||
| Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
| Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute for Theoretical Physics | ||||||||
| Subjects: | Physics | ||||||||
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| Date of oral exam: | 17 November 2020 | ||||||||
| Referee: |
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| Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
| URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/35572 |
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