Universität zu Köln

Krug, Oliver, Kutscher, Daniel, Piper, Thomas ORCID: 0000-0002-7462-6693, Geyer, Hans, Schaenzer, Wilhelm and Thevis, Mario (2014). Quantifying cobalt in doping control urine samples - a pilot study. Drug Test. Anal., 6 (11-12). S. 1186 - 1191. HOBOKEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL. ISSN 1942-7611

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Abstract

Since first reports on the impact of metals such as manganese and cobalt on erythropoiesis were published in the late 1920s, cobaltous chloride became a viable though not widespread means for the treatment of anaemic conditions. Today, its use is de facto eliminated from clinical practice; however, its (mis)use in human as well as animal sport as an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent has been discussed frequently. In order to assess possible analytical options and to provide relevant information on the prevalence of cobalt use/misuse among athletes, urinary cobalt concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) from four groups of subjects. The cohorts consisted of (1) a reference population with specimens of 100 non-elite athletes (not being part of the doping control system), (2) a total of 96 doping control samples from endurance sport athletes, (3) elimination study urine samples collected from six individuals having ingested cobaltous chloride (500 mu g/day) through dietary supplements, and (4) samples from people supplementing vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) at 500 mu g/day, accounting for approximately 22 mu g of cobalt. The obtained results demonstrated that urinary cobalt concentrations of the reference population as well as the group of elite athletes were within normal ranges (0.1-2.2ng/mL). A modest but significant difference between these two groups was observed (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p<0.01) with the athletes' samples presenting slightly higher urinary cobalt levels. The elimination study urine specimens yielded cobalt concentrations between 40 and 318ng/mL during the first 6h post-administration, and levels remained elevated (>22ng/mL) up to 33h. Oral supplementation of 500 mu g of cobalamin did not result in urinary cobalt concentrations>2ng/mL. Based on these pilot study data it is concluded that measuring the urinary concentration of cobalt can provide information indicating the use of cobaltous chloride by athletes. Additional studies are however required to elucidate further factors potentially influencing urinary cobalt levels. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Krug, Oliver UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kutscher, Daniel UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Piper, Thomas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-6693 UNSPECIFIED Geyer, Hans UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schaenzer, Wilhelm UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thevis, Mario UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-423963
DOI:	10.1002/dta.1694
Journal or Publication Title:	Drug Test. Anal.
Volume:	6
Number:	11-12
Page Range:	S. 1186 - 1191
Date:	2014
Publisher:	WILEY-BLACKWELL
Place of Publication:	HOBOKEN
ISSN:	1942-7611
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language ICP-MS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; UNITED-STATES; WHOLE-BLOOD; CADMIUM; METALS; CREATININE; GRAVITY; HIP; MO Multiple languages Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/42396