Viti, S., Garcia-Burillo, S., Fuente, A., Hunt, L. K., Usero, A., Henkel, C., Eckart, A., Martin, S., Spaans, M., Muller, S., Combes, F., Krips, M., Schinnerer, E., Casasola, V., Costagliola, F., Marquez, I., Planesas, P., van der Werf, P. P., Aalto, S., Baker, A. J., Boone, F. and Tacconi, L. J. (2014). Molecular line emission in NGC 1068 imaged with ALMA II. The chemistry of the dense molecular gas. Astron. Astrophys., 570. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Aims. We present a detailed analysis of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Bands 7 and 9 data of CO, HCO+, HCN, and CS, augmented with Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) data of the similar to 200 pc circumnuclear disc (CND) and the similar to 1.3 kpc starburst ring (SB ring) of NGC 1068, a nearby (D = 14 Mpc) Seyfert 2 barred galaxy. We aim to determine the physical characteristics of the dense gas present in the CND, and to establish whether the different line intensity ratios we find within the CND, as well as between the CND and the SB ring, are due to excitation effects (gas density and temperature differences) or to a different chemistry. Methods. We estimate the column densities of each species in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). We then compute large one-dimensional, non-LTE radiative transfer grids (using RADEX) by using only the CO transitions first, and then all the available molecules to constrain the densities, temperatures, and column densities within the CND. We finally present a preliminary set of chemical models to determine the origin of the gas. Results. We find that, in general, the gas in the CND is very dense (> 10(5) cm(-3)) and hot (T > 150 K), with differences especially in the temperature across the CND. The AGN position has the lowest CO/HCO+, CO/HCN, and CO/CS column density ratios. The RADEX analyses seem to indicate that there is chemical differentiation across the CND. We also find differences between the chemistry of the SB ring and some regions of the CND; the SB ring is also much colder and less dense than the CND. Chemical modelling does not succeed in reproducing all the molecular ratios with one model per region, suggesting the presence of multi-gas phase components. Conclusions. The LTE, RADEX, and chemical analyses all indicate that more than one gas-phase component is necessary to uniquely fit all the available molecular ratios within the CND. A higher number of molecular transitions at the ALMA resolution is necessary to determine quantitatively the physical and chemical characteristics of these components.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Viti, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Garcia-Burillo, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fuente, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hunt, L. K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Usero, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Henkel, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Eckart, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Martin, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Spaans, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Muller, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Combes, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Krips, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Schinnerer, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Casasola, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Costagliola, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Marquez, I.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Planesas, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van der Werf, P. P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Aalto, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Baker, A. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Boone, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tacconi, L. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-427845
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201424116
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 570
Date: 2014
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
SEYFERT 2 GALAXY; SPATIALLY-RESOLVED CHEMISTRY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; AGN-DRIVEN OUTFLOW; STAR-FORMATION; MRK 231; STARBURST; FEEDBACK; SHOCKS; COMultiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/42784

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