Universität zu Köln

Thevis, Mario, Piper, Thomas ORCID: 0000-0002-7462-6693, Geyer, Hans, Thomas, Andreas ORCID: 0000-0003-1199-0743, Schaefer, Maximilian S., Kienbaum, Peter ORCID: 0000-0002-0655-9177 and Schaenzer, Wilhelm (2014). Measuring xenon in human plasma and blood by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 28 (13). S. 1501 - 1507. HOBOKEN: WILEY-BLACKWELL. ISSN 1097-0231

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Abstract

RATIONALEDue to the favorable pharmacokinetic properties and minimal side effects of xenon, its use in modern anesthesia has been well accepted, and recent studies further demonstrated the intra- and postoperative neuro-, cardio-, and reno-protective action of the noble gas. Since the production of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and its downstream effector erythropoietin as well as noradrenalin reuptake inhibition have been found to play key roles in this context, the question arose as to whether the use of xenon is a matter for doping controls and preventive doping research. The aim of the present study was hence to evaluate whether the (ab)use of xenon can be detected from doping control samples with the instrumentation commonly available in sports drug testing laboratories. METHODSPlasma was saturated with xenon according to reported protocols, and the target analyte was measured by means of gas chromatography/time-of-flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with headspace injection. Recording the accurate mass of three major xenon isotopes at m/z 128.9048, 130.9045 and 131.9042 allowed for the unequivocal identification of the analyte and the detection assay was characterized concerning limit of detection (LOD), intraday precision, and specificity as well as analyte recovery under different storage conditions. RESULTSXenon was detected in fortified plasma samples with detection limits of approximately 0.5nmol/mL to 50nmol/mL, depending on the type of mass spectrometer used. The method characteristics of intraday precision (coefficient of variation <20%) and specificity demonstrated the fitness-for-purpose of the analytical approach to unambiguously detect xenon at non-physiological concentrations in human plasma and blood. Eventually, authentic plasma and blood samples collected pre-, intra-, and post-operative (4, 8, and 24h) were positively analyzed after storage for up to 30h, and provided proof-of-concept for the developed assay. CONCLUSIONSIf relevant to doping controls, xenon can be determined from plasma and blood samples, i.e. common specimens of routine sports drug testing in the context of Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) analyses. Optimization of sampling and analytical procedures will allow the detection limit to be further improved and potentially enable accurate quantification of the anesthetic agent. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Thevis, Mario UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Piper, Thomas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-7462-6693 UNSPECIFIED Geyer, Hans UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thomas, Andreas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0743 UNSPECIFIED Schaefer, Maximilian S. UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kienbaum, Peter UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-0655-9177 UNSPECIFIED Schaenzer, Wilhelm UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-433913
DOI:	10.1002/rcm.6926
Journal or Publication Title:	Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
Volume:	28
Number:	13
Page Range:	S. 1501 - 1507
Date:	2014
Publisher:	WILEY-BLACKWELL
Place of Publication:	HOBOKEN
ISSN:	1097-0231
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language INERT-GASES; ANESTHESIA; SOLUBILITY; PARTITION; WATER; OIL Multiple languages Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/43391