Universität zu Köln

Heger, Peter ORCID: 0000-0003-2583-2981 and Wiehe, Thomas ORCID: 0000-0002-8932-2772 (2014). New tools in the box: An evolutionary synopsis chromatin insulators. Trends Genet., 30 (5). S. 161 - 172. LONDON: ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON. ISSN 1362-4555

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Abstract

Despite progress in understanding genome organization and gene expression during the last decade, the evolutionary pathways that led to the intricate patterns of gene expression in different cells of an organism are still poorly understood. Important steps in this regulation take place at the level of chromatin, where the (epi)genomic environment of a gene determines its expression in time and space. Although the basic mechanisms of gene expression apply to all eukaryotes, multicellular organisms face the additional challenge of coordinating gene expression during development. In this review we summarize and put into evolutionary context current knowledge about chromatin insulators, an important class of regulatory factors mediating these tasks. Our interpretation of historical and recent findings points to a dynamic and ongoing evolution of insulator proteins characterized by multiple instances of convergent evolution, gene loss, and binding site changes in different organisms. The idea of two autonomously evolving insulator functions (as a barrier element and an enhancer blocker) further suggests that the evolution of metazoans and their enhancer-rich gene regulatory repertoire might be connected to the radiation of enhancer blocking insulators. Although speculative at the moment, such coevolution might create tools for complex gene regulation and therefore influence the evolutionary roadmaps of metazoans.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Heger, Peter UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-2981 UNSPECIFIED Wiehe, Thomas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-2772 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-438856
DOI:	10.1016/j.tig.2014.03.004
Journal or Publication Title:	Trends Genet.
Volume:	30
Number:	5
Page Range:	S. 161 - 172
Date:	2014
Publisher:	ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
Place of Publication:	LONDON
ISSN:	1362-4555
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language FACTOR-BINDING SITES; ENHANCER-BLOCKING ACTIVITY; POSITION-EFFECT VARIEGATION; DROSOPHILA GAGA FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SEA-URCHIN; GENOME ORGANIZATION; BOUNDARY-ELEMENT; PROTEIN CTCF Multiple languages Genetics & Heredity Multiple languages
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/43885