Universität zu Köln

Smarandache-Wellmann, Carmen ORCID: 0000-0003-4180-1210 and Graetsch, Swantje (2014). Mechanisms of Coordination in Distributed Neural Circuits: Encoding Coordinating Information. J. Neurosci., 34 (16). S. 5627 - 5640. WASHINGTON: SOC NEUROSCIENCE. ISSN 0270-6474

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Abstract

We describe synaptic connections through which information essential for encoding efference copies reaches two coordinating neurons in each of the microcircuits that controls limbs on abdominal segments of the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. In each microcircuit, these coordinating neurons fire bursts of spikes simultaneously with motor neurons. These bursts encode timing, duration, and strength of each motor burst. Using paired microelectrode recordings, we demonstrate that one class of nonspiking neurons in each microcircuit's pattern-generating kernel-IPS-directly inhibits the ASC(E) coordinating neuron that copies each burst in power-stroke (PS) motor neurons. This inhibitory synapse parallels IPS's inhibition of the same PS motor neurons. Using a disynaptic pathway to control its membrane potential, we demonstrate that a second type of nonspiking interneuron in the pattern-generating kernel-IRSh-inhibits the DSC coordinating neuron that copies each burst in return-stroke (RS) motor neurons. This inhibitory synapse parallels IRS's inhibition of the microcircuit's RS motor neurons. Experimental changes in the membrane potential of one IPS or one IRSh neuron simultaneously changed the strengths of motor bursts, durations, numbers of spikes, and spike frequency in the simultaneous ASC(E) and DSC bursts. ASC(E) and DSC coordinating neurons link the segmentally distributed microcircuits into a coordinated system that oscillates with the same period and with stable phase differences. The inhibitory synapses from different pattern-generating neurons that parallel their inhibition of different sets of motor neurons enable ASC(E) and DSC to encode details of each oscillation that are necessary for stable, adaptive synchronization of the system.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Smarandache-Wellmann, Carmen UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-1210 UNSPECIFIED Graetsch, Swantje UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-440612
DOI:	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2670-13.2014
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Neurosci.
Volume:	34
Number:	16
Page Range:	S. 5627 - 5640
Date:	2014
Publisher:	SOC NEUROSCIENCE
Place of Publication:	WASHINGTON
ISSN:	0270-6474
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language SWIMMERET MOTOR-NEURONS; COROLLARY DISCHARGE; INTERSEGMENTAL COORDINATION; UNDERLYING LOCOMOTION; MODULAR ORGANIZATION; PATTERN GENERATION; SYNAPTIC STRENGTH; EFFERENCE COPY; LIMB MOVEMENTS; SPINAL-CORD Multiple languages Neurosciences Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/44061