Rybniker, Jan (2012). Identification and Characterization of Host Shut-Off Proteins of Mycobacteriophages. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect exclusively mycobacteria. In this work I screened mycobacteriophage genomes for host shut-off proteins, proteins that are capable of down-regulating the mycobacterial metabolism early in the infectious cycle. These proteins are of interest in the drug-target discovery process of important pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Several host shut-off proteins were identified and characterized with regard to functional and regulatory aspects. Geneproduct 49, the WhiB-like protein of mycobacteriophage TM4 (WhiBTM4) was shown to be growth inhibitory in the mycobacterial host upon induction of expression. Like its homologue in the host (WhiB2), this viral protein is capable of co-ordinating an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster. The UV-visible absorption spectra obtained from freshly purified and reconstituted WhiBTM4 were consistent with the presence of an oxygen sensitive [2Fe-2S] cluster. The quantification of mRNA-levels during phage infection showed that whiBTM4 is a highly transcribed early phage gene and a dominant negative regulator of WhiB2, an essential mycobacterial protein. Strikingly, both apo-WhiB2 of M. tuberculosis and apo-WhiBTM4 were capable of binding to the conserved promoter region upstream of the whiB2 gene indicating that WhiB2 regulates its own synthesis which is inhibited in the presence of WhiBTM4. Thus, within this work, substantial evidence could be provided, supporting the hypothesis of viral and bacterial WhiB proteins being important Fe-S containing transcriptional regulators with DNA-binding capability. In mycobacteriophage L5 three open reading frames within an early operon were identified as toxic to the host M. smegmatis when expressed from an inducible expression vector. These ORFs coding for gp77, gp78 and gp79 presumably function as shut-off genes during early stages of phage replication. There is evidence, that the cell division is affected by one of the proteins (gp79). The transcription of the cytotoxic polypeptides is directed by a promoter situated in ORF83 and transcription control is achieved through the phage repressor gp71 which was shown by co-expression of this protein. The findings presented here can provide useful tools for the molecular genetics of mycobacteria. The mycobacteriophage L5 early protein gp77 was further characterized with regard to its possible function within the host. I provide data showing that this purified phage protein of unknown function specifically binds to protein MSMEG_3532 when incubated with protein lysates of Mycobacterium smegmatis. This interaction was confirmed by pull-down assays using purified MSMEG_3532 as bait which co-purified with gp77. The amino acid sequence of MSMEG_3532 is nearly identical to that of threonine dehydratases, serine dehydratases and an L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate dehydratase. An enzymatic assay confirmed this host protein as a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent L-serine dehydratase (SdhA) which converts L-serine to pyruvate. This is the first biochemical characterization of a serine dehydratase derived from mycobacteria. Though the addition of purified gp77 to the established in vitro assay had no influence on the enzymatic activity of MSMEG_3532, the specific interaction of phage protein and dehydratase in vivo may well have a role in altering the amino acid pool or the products of amino acid metabolism in favour of phage maturation.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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Corporate Contributors: | ZMMK | ||||||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-46960 | ||||||||
Date: | 2012 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Ehemalige Fakultäten, Institute, Seminare > Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > no entry | ||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 17 October 2011 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/4696 |
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