Universität zu Köln

Walpurgis, Katja, Thomas, Andreas ORCID: 0000-0003-1199-0743, Laussmann, Tim ORCID: 0000-0002-0180-3513, Horta, Luis, Metzger, Sabine, Schaenzer, Wilhelm and Thevis, Mario (2011). Identification of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) in a black market product. Drug Test. Anal., 3 (11-12). S. 791 - 798. HOBOKEN: WILEY. ISSN 1942-7611

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Abstract

The use of growth factors for accelerated healing of sports injuries is restricted under the terms of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) anti-doping code. Cheating athletes have used the black market as a source of performance-enhancing substances. Drugs that currently undergo clinical trials are frequently offered despite the unknown health risks associated with the administration of unapproved pharmaceuticals. Recently, a new growth factor (referred to as fibroblast growth factor 1/FGF-1) with known effects on the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue was detected in an unlabelled black market product confiscated by the German customs. The identification of the protein was achieved by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE), different proteolytic digestions, immunological methods and nano-liquid chromatography high-resolution/high-accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed slight differences concerning the molecular weight of recombinant human and black market FGF-1. Using in-gel proteolysis, a truncation or modification located at the N-terminus of the protein was suggested. These findings demonstrate that drug candidates without clinical approval can be readily obtained from the black market, regardless of potential dangerous consequences for the consumer, which corroborates the necessity of proactive and preventive doping control approaches. In that regard, physiological concentrations of blood and urine specimens collected from healthy individuals were analyzed and were found to range below 28 pg/ml in urine, while there was no detectable FGF-1 in plasma. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Walpurgis, Katja UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thomas, Andreas UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0743 UNSPECIFIED Laussmann, Tim UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-3513 UNSPECIFIED Horta, Luis UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Metzger, Sabine UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schaenzer, Wilhelm UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thevis, Mario UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-485703
DOI:	10.1002/dta.364
Journal or Publication Title:	Drug Test. Anal.
Volume:	3
Number:	11-12
Page Range:	S. 791 - 798
Date:	2011
Publisher:	WILEY
Place of Publication:	HOBOKEN
ISSN:	1942-7611
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/48570