Wyrowski, F., van der Tak, F., Herpin, F., Baudry, A., Bontemps, S., Chavarria, L., Frieswijk, W., Jacq, T., Marseille, M., Shipman, R., van Dishoeck, E. F., Benz, A. O., Caselli, P., Hogerheijde, M. R., Johnstone, D., Liseau, R., Bachiller, R., Benedettini, M., Bergin, E., Bjerkeli, P., Blake, G., Braine, J., Bruderer, S., Cernicharo, J., Codella, C., Daniel, F., di Giorgio, A. M., Dominik, C., Doty, S. D., Encrenaz, P., Fich, M., Fuente, A., Giannini, T., Goicoechea, J. R., de Graauw, Th., Helmich, F., Herczeg, G. J., Jorgensen, J. K., Kristensen, L. E., Larsson, B., Lis, D., McCoey, C., Melnick, G., Nisini, B., Olberg, M., Parise, B., Pearson, J. C., Plume, R., Risacher, C., Santiago, J., Saraceno, P., Tafalla, M., van Kempen, T. A., Visser, R., Wampfler, S., Yildiz, U. A., Black, J. H., Falgarone, E., Gerin, M., Roelfsema, P., Dieleman, P., Beintema, D., De Jonge, A., Whyborn, N., Stutzki, J. and Ossenkopf, V. (2010). Variations in H2O+/H2O ratios toward massive star-forming regions. Astron. Astrophys., 521. LES ULIS CEDEX A: EDP SCIENCES S A. ISSN 1432-0746

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Abstract

Early results from the Herschel Space Observatory revealed the water cation H2O+ to be an abundant ingredient of the interstellar medium. Here we present new observations of the H2O and H2O+ lines at 1113.3 and 1115.2 GHz using the Herschel Space Observatory toward a sample of high-mass star-forming regions to observationally study the relation between H2O and H2O+. Nine out of ten sources show absorption from H2O+ in a range of environments: the molecular clumps surrounding the forming and newly formed massive stars, bright high-velocity outflows associated with the massive protostars, and unrelated low-density clouds along the line of sight. Column densities per velocity component of H2O+ are found in the range of 10(12) to a few 10(13) cm(-2). The highest N(H2O+) column densities are found in the outflows of the sources. The ratios of H2O+/H2O are determined in a range from 0.01 to a few and are found to differ strongly between the observed environments with much lower ratios in the massive (proto) cluster envelopes (0.01-0.1) than in outflows and diffuse clouds. Remarkably, even for source components detected in H2O in emission, H2O+ is still seen in absorption.

Item Type: Journal Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Wyrowski, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van der Tak, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Herpin, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Baudry, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bontemps, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Chavarria, L.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Frieswijk, W.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jacq, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Marseille, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Shipman, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van Dishoeck, E. F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benz, A. O.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Caselli, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hogerheijde, M. R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Johnstone, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Liseau, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bachiller, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Benedettini, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bergin, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bjerkeli, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Blake, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Braine, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Bruderer, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Cernicharo, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Codella, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Daniel, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
di Giorgio, A. M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dominik, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Doty, S. D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Encrenaz, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fich, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fuente, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Giannini, T.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Goicoechea, J. R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
de Graauw, Th.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Helmich, F.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Herczeg, G. J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Jorgensen, J. K.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kristensen, L. E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Larsson, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Lis, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
McCoey, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Melnick, G.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Nisini, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Olberg, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Parise, B.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Pearson, J. C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Plume, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Risacher, C.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Santiago, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Saraceno, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Tafalla, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
van Kempen, T. A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Visser, R.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wampfler, S.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Yildiz, U. A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Black, J. H.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Falgarone, E.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Gerin, M.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Roelfsema, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dieleman, P.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Beintema, D.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
De Jonge, A.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Whyborn, N.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stutzki, J.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Ossenkopf, V.UNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-495101
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015110
Journal or Publication Title: Astron. Astrophys.
Volume: 521
Date: 2010
Publisher: EDP SCIENCES S A
Place of Publication: LES ULIS CEDEX A
ISSN: 1432-0746
Language: English
Faculty: Unspecified
Divisions: Unspecified
Subjects: no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LINE; ASTRONOMY; CHEMISTRY; SIGHT; DR21; HIFI; W51Multiple languages
Astronomy & AstrophysicsMultiple languages
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/49510

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