Gennai, Jacopo ORCID: 0000-0003-2662-2855 (2021). Back to the lithics: technological comparison of early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages from Al-Ansab/ Jordan, Româneşti-Dumbrăviţa/ Romania and Fumane/ Italy. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.

[img]
Preview
 PDF
Dissertation_Gennai_Complete_print_KUPS.pdf - Accepted Version
Bereitstellung unter der CC-Lizenz: Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial.
Download (12MB) | Preview

Abstract

The dissertation addresses the technological variability in the European and Levantine early Upper Palaeolithic (eUP). The eUP is often linked to the major dispersal event of H. sapiens into Europe and the final affirmation of our species into the Eurasian continent over the 43–38 ka cal BP timespan. The main feature is the introduction of bladelets, elongated items less than 12 mm wide, whose production processes are the hallmark for technocomplexes. The principal difference is the disassociation of blades and bladelets productions, like in the Early Aurignacian and the Northern Ahmarian, or the use of a single core for both products, like in the Protoaurignacian and the Southern Ahmarian. The interpretations of the different technical behaviours are an internal evolution over time, climatic and environmental adaptations or changed mobility strategies. New results downsized the technological differences between the Protoaurignacian and the Early Aurignacian, while the Southern Ahmarian affinity with the Protoaurignacian is still unclear. The analysis brings together three in situ, abundant, early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages, attributed to different technocomplexes: Al-Ansab 1, Românești-Dumbrăvița I GH3 and Grotta di Fumane A1-A2. The aim is to define the technological role of the bladelets and assess variation or similarity between the assemblages. They have been analysed through chaîne opératoire approach corroborated by morpho-technological attributes of laminar blanks. The results point to a generalised production of bladelets. When the production is intercalated between blades and bladelets, the latter are predominantly showing characteristics linked to a primary goal of the knapping. They are using convexities installed by blades or flakes, and they have a much more regular morphology than blades. The results advocate for the rejection of the current taxonomical framework, as of the present technological criteria, and may imply a more complex dynamic of dispersal.

Item Type: Thesis (PhD thesis)
Creators:
CreatorsEmailORCIDORCID Put Code
Gennai, Jacopojacopo.gennai@hotmail.itorcid.org/0000-0003-2662-2855UNSPECIFIED
URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-533849
Date: 2021
Language: English
Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Humanities
Divisions: Faculty of Arts and Humanities > Fächergruppe 2: Archäologie, Altertumskunde und Kulturen des Mittelmeerraums > Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte
Subjects: Geography and history
History of ancient world
Uncontrolled Keywords:
KeywordsLanguage
early Upper PalaeolithicEnglish
lithic technologyEnglish
bladeletsEnglish
AurignacianEnglish
AhmarianEnglish
H. sapiensEnglish
EuropeEnglish
LevantEnglish
Date of oral exam: 5 May 2021
Referee:
NameAcademic Title
Richter, JürgenProf. Dr.
Weniger, Gerd-ChristianProf. Dr.
Maier, AndreasJun.-Prof. Dr.
Funders: DFG
Projects: SFB806 Our way to Europe Culture-Environment Interaction and Human Mobility in the Late Quaternary. Project B1
References: Abulafia, T., Goder-Goldberger, M., Berna, F., Barzilai, O., Marder, O., 2019. A technotypological analysis of the Ahmarian and Levantine Aurignacian assemblages from Manot Cave (area C) and the interrelation with site formation processes. J. Hum. Evol. 102707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102707 Accorsi, C.A., Aiello, E., Bartolini, C., Castelletti, L., Rodolfi, G., Ronchitelli, A., 1979. Il giacimento paleolitico di Serino (Avellino), Stratigrafia, ambienti e paletnologia. Atti Della Soc. Toscana Sci. Nat., Memorie A 86, 435–487. Alex, B., Barzilai, O., Hershkovitz, I., Marder, O., Berna, F., Caracuta, V., Abulafia, T., Davis, L., Goder-Goldberger, M., Lavi, R., Mintz, E., Regev, L., Bar-Yosef Mayer, D., Tejero, J.-M., Yeshurun, R., Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Yasur, G., Frumkin, A., Latimer, B., Hans, M.G., Boaretto, E., 2017. Radiocarbon chronology of Manot Cave, Israel and Upper Paleolithic dispersals. Sci. Adv. 3, e1701450. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701450 Alexandrescu, E., Olariu, A., Skog, G., Stenström, K., Hellborg, R., 2010. Os fossiles humains des grottes Muierii et Cioclovina, Roumanie. L’Anthropologie 114, 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2010.05.004 Andersen, K.K., Svensson, A., Johnsen, S.J., Rasmussen, S.O., Bigler, M., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Peder Steffensen, J., Dahl-Jensen, D., 2006. The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15–42ka. Part 1: constructing the time scale. Quat. Sci. Rev. 25, 3246–3257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.08.002 Anderson, L., Bon, F., Bordes, J.-G., Pasquini, A., Slimak, L., Teyssandier, N., 2015. Relier des espaces, construire de nouveaux réseaux: aux origines du Protoaurignacien et des débuts du Paléolithique supérieur en Europe occidentale, in: Naudinot, N., Meignen, L., Binder, D., Querré, G. (Eds.), Les Systèmes de Mobilité de La Préhistoire Au Moyen Âge XXXVe Rencontres Internationales d’archéologie et d’histoire d’Antibes. Éditions APDCA, Antibes, pp. 93–109. Anderson, L., Reynolds, N., Teyssandier, N., 2019. No reliable evidence for a very early Aurignacian in Southern Iberia. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 713–713. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0885-3 Andrefsky, W., 2005. Lithics: macroscopic approaches to analysis, 2nd ed. ed, Cambridge manuals in archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge ; New York. Anikovich, M.V., Sinitsyn, A.A., Hoffecker, J.F., Holliday, V.T., Popov, V.V., Lisitsyn, S.N., Forman, S.L., Levkovskaya, G.M., Pospelova, G.A., Kuz’mina, I.E., Burova, N.D., Goldberg, P., Macphail, R.I., Giaccio, B., Praslov, N.D., 2007. Early Upper Paleolithic in Eastern Europe and Implications for the Dispersal of Modern Humans. Science 315, 223–226. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1133376 Arrizabalaga, A., 2000. The lithic technocomplexes in the archaeological site of Labeko Koba (Arrasate, Basque Country), in: Arrizabalaga, A., Altuna, J., Areso, P. (Eds.), Labeko Koba (País Vasco): hienas y humanos en los albores del paleolítico superior, Munibe. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Zientzi Elkartea, San Sebastián-Donostia, pp. 193–343. Arrizabalaga, A., de Quirós, F.B., Bon, F., Iriarte, M.J., Maíllo, J.M., Normand, C., 2009. Early evidence of the Aurignacian in Cantabrian Iberia and the North Pyrenees, in: Camps, M., Szmidt, C.C. (Eds.), The Mediterranean from 50 000 to 25 000 BP: Turning Points and New Directions. Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp. 255–291. Badino, F., Pini, R., Ravazzi, C., Margaritora, D., Arrighi, S., Bortolini, E., Figus, C., Giaccio, B., Lugli, F., Marciani, G., Monegato, G., Moroni, A., Negrino, F., Oxilia, G., Peresani, M., Romandini, M., Ronchitelli, A., Spinapolice, E.E., Zerboni, A., Benazzi, S., 2020. An overview of Alpine and Mediterranean palaeogeography, terrestrial ecosystems and climate history during MIS 3 with focus on the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Quat. Int. 551, 7–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.09.024 Bailey, S.E., Hublin, J.-J., 2005. Who made the Early Aurignacian? A Reconsideration of the Brassempouy Dental Remains. Bull. Mém. Société Anthropol. Paris 17, 115–121. 192 Banks, W.E., d’Errico, F., Zilhão, J., 2013. Human–climate interaction during the Early Upper Paleolithic: testing the hypothesis of an adaptive shift between the Proto-Aurignacian and the Early Aurignacian. J. Hum. Evol. 64, 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.001 Barshay-Szmidt, C., Normand, C., Flas, D., Soulier, M.-C., 2018. Radiocarbon dating the Aurignacian sequence at Isturitz (France): Implications for the timing and development of the Protoaurignacian and Early Aurignacian in western Europe. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 17, 809–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.09.003 Barshay-Szmidt, C.C., Eizenberg, L., Deschamps, M., 2012. Radiocarbon (AMS) dating the Classic Aurignacian, Proto- Aurignacian and Vasconian Mousterian at Gatzarria Cave (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France). PALEO Rev. Archéologie Préhistorique 23, 11–38. Bartolomei, G., Broglio, A., Cassoli, P.F., Castelletti, L., Cattani, L., Cremaschi, M., Giacobini, G., Malerba, G., Maspero, A., Peresani, M., Sartorelli, A., Tagliacozzo, A., 1992. La Grotte de Fumane. Un site aurignacien au pied des Alpes. Preistoria Alp. 131–179. Bar-Yosef, O., Arnold, M., Mercier, N., Belfer-Cohen, A., Goldberg, P., Housley, R., Laville, H., Meignen, L., Vogel, J.C., Vandermeersch, B., 1996. The Dating of the Upper Paleolithic Layers in Kebara Cave, Mt Carmel. J. Archaeol. Sci. 23, 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0028 Bar-Yosef, O., Belfer-Cohen, A., 2004. The Qafzeh Upper Paleolithic assemblages: 70 years later. Eurasian Prehistory 2, 145–180. Bar-Yosef, O., Belfer-Cohen, A., 1977. The Lagaman Industry, in: Bar-Yosef, O., Phillips, J.L. (Eds.), Prehistoric Investigations in Gebel Maghara, Northern Sinai. pp. 42–85. Bar-Yosef, O., Belfer-Cohen, A., Adler, D.S., 2006. The implications of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic chronological boundary in the Caucasus to Eurasian prehistory. Anthropologie 44, 49–60. Bar-Yosef, O., Belfer-Cohen, A., Mesheviliani, T., Jakeli, N., Bar-Oz, G., Boaretto, E., Goldberg, P., Kvavadze, E., Matskevich, Z., 2011. Dzudzuana: an Upper Palaeolithic cave site in the Caucasus foothills (Georgia). Antiquity 85, 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X0006779X Bar-Yosef, O., Kuhn, S.L., 1999. The Big Deal about Blades: Laminar Technologies and Human Evolution. Am. Anthropol. 101, 322–338. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.2.322 Bar‐Yosef, O., Van Peer, P., 2009. The Chaîne Opératoire Approach in Middle Paleolithic Archaeology. Curr. Anthropol. 50, 103–131. https://doi.org/10.1086/592234 Barzilai, O., Hershkovitz, I., Marder, O., 2016. The Early Upper Paleolithic Period at Manot Cave, Western Galilee, Israel. Hum. Evol. 85–100. https://doi.org/10.14673/HE2016121016 Bataille, G., 2016. Extracting the “Proto” from the Aurignacian. Distinct Production Sequences of Blades and Bladelets in the Lower Aurignacian Phase of Siuren I, Units H and G (Crimea). Mitteilungen Ges. Für Urgesch. 25, 49–85. Bataille, G., 2012. Flakes and Blades. The role of flake production in the Aurignacian of Siuren 1 (Crimea, Ukraine), in: Pastoors, A., Peresani, M. (Eds.), Flakes Not Blades: The Role of Flake Production at the Onset of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, Wissenschaftliche Schriften Des Neanderthal Museums. Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, pp. 261–293. Bataille, G., Conard, N.J., 2018a. Blade and bladelet production at Hohle Fels Cave, AH IV in the Swabian Jura and its importance for characterizing the technological variability of the Aurignacian in Central Europe. PLOS ONE 13, e0194097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194097 Bataille, G., Conard, N.J., 2018b. Burin-core technology in Aurignacian horizons IIIa and IV of Hohle Fels Cave (Southwestern Germany). Quartär 65, 7–49. Bataille, G., Falcucci, A., Tafelmaier, Y., Conard, N.J., 2019. Technological differences between Kostenki 17/II (Spitsynskaya industry, Central Russia) and the Protoaurignacian: Reply to Dinnis et al. (2019). J. Hum. Evol. 102685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102685 Bataille, G., Tafelmaier, Y., Weniger, G.-C., 2018. Living on the edge – A comparative approach for studying the beginning of the Aurignacian. Quat. Int. 474, 3–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.03.024 193 Bazile, F., 2005. La composante lamellaire dans l’Aurignacien Initial de la France Méditerranéene, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxèmbourg, pp. 325–336. Bazile, F., 2002. Le premier Aurignacien en France méditerranéenne : un bilan. Espac. Tiempo Forma Ser. Prehist. Arqueol. 1, 215–236. https://doi.org/10.5944/etfi.15.2002.4745 Bazile, F., Sicard, S., 1997. Le premier Aurignacien du Languedoc oriental dans son contexte méditerranéen, in: Sacchi, D. (Ed.), Congrès Préhistorique de France. XXIVe Session Carcassonne, 26-30 Septembre 1994. Colloque 1: Les Faciès Leptolithiques Du Bassin Méditerranéen Nord Occidental, Milieu Naturel et Culturel. pp. 117–125. Belfer-Cohen, A., Goring-Morris, A.N., 2017. The Upper Palaeolithic in Cisjordan, in: Enzel, Y., Bar-Yosef, O. (Eds.), Quaternary of the Levant. Cambridge University Press, pp. 627–638. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316106754.070 Belfer-Cohen, A., Goring-Morris, N., 2014. The Upper Palaeolithic and Earlier Epi-Palaeolithic of Western Asia, in: Renfrew, C., Bahn, P. (Eds.), The Cambridge World Prehistory 3 Volume Set. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1381–1407. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139017831.088 Belfer-Cohen, A., Goring-Morris, N., 2012. VI - The Earlier Upper Palaeolithic: A View from the Southern Levant, in: Otte, M., Shidrang, S., Flas, D. (Eds.), L’Aurignacien de La Grotte Yafteh et Son Contexte (Fouilles 2005-2008) /The Aurignacian of Yafteh Cave and Its Context (2005-2008 Excavations). Liège, pp. 127–136. Belfer-Cohen, A., Goring-Morris, N., 2009. The Shift from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Upper Palaeolithic: Levantine Perspectives, in: Camps, M., Szmidt, C.C. (Eds.), The Mediterranean from 50 000 to 25 000 BP:Turning Points and New Directions. Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp. 89–100. Belfer-Cohen, A., Goring-Morris, N., 2008. Why Microliths? Microlithization in the Levant. Archeol. Pap. Am. Anthropol. Assoc. 12, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.2002.12.1.57 Bello, S.M., Delbarre, G., De Groote, I., Parfitt, S.A., 2016. A newly discovered antler flint-knapping hammer and the question of their rarity in the Palaeolithic archaeological record: Reality or bias? Quat. Int. 403, 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.094 Benazzi, S., Douka, K., Fornai, C., Bauer, C.C., Kullmer, O., Svoboda, J., Pap, I., Mallegni, F., Bayle, P., Coquerelle, M., Condemi, S., Ronchitelli, A., Harvati, K., Weber, G.W., 2011. Early dispersal of modern humans in Europe and implications for Neanderthal behaviour. Nature 479, 525–528. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10617 Benazzi, S., Slon, V., Talamo, S., Negrino, F., Peresani, M., Bailey, S.E., Sawyer, S., Panetta, D., Vicino, G., Starnini, E., Mannino, M.A., Salvadori, P.A., Meyer, M., Paabo, S., Hublin, J.-J., 2015. The makers of the Protoaurignacian and implications for Neandertal extinction. Science 348, 793–796. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa2773 Bergman, C., 1988. Ksar Akil and the Upper Paleolithic of the Levant. Paléorient 14, 201–210. Bergman, C., Williams, J., Douka, K., Schyle, D., 2017. The Palaeolithic Sequence of Ksar ‘Akil, Lebanon, in: Enzel, Y., Bar-Yosef, O. (Eds.), Quaternary of the Levant. Cambridge University Press, pp. 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316106754.030 Bergman, C.A., Stringer, C.B., 1989. Fifty years after: Egbert, an early Upper Palaeolithic juvenile from Ksar Akil, Lebanon. Paléorient 15, 99–111. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1989.4512 Bertola, S., Broglio, A., Cristiani, E., De Stefani, M., Gurioli, F., Negrino, F., Romandini, M., Vanhaeren, M., 2013. La diffusione del primo Aurignaziano a sud dell’arco alpino. Preistoria Alp. 47, 123–152. Bertrams, M., Protze, J., Löhrer, R., Schyle, D., Richter, J., Hilgers, A., Klasen, N., Schmidt, C., Lehmkuhl, F., 2012. Multiple environmental change at the time of the Modern Human passage through the Middle East: First results from geoarcheological investigations on Upper Pleistocene sediments in the Wadi Sabra (Jordan). Quat. Int. 274, 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.02.047 194 Bleed, P., 2001. Trees or Chains, Links or Branches: Conceptual Alternatives for Consideration of Stone Tool Production and Other Sequential Activities. J. Archaeol. Method Theory 8, 101–127. Bodu, P., Bon, F., Teyssandier, N., Paris, C., 2013. L’Aurignacien et les faciès à pièces carénées entre Yonne et Yvelines, in: Bodu, P., Chehmana, L., Klaric, L., Soriano, S., Teyssandier, N. (Eds.), Le Paléolithique Supérieur Ancien de l’Europe Du Nord-Ouest Réflexions et Synthèses à Partir d’un Projet Collectif de Recherche Sur Le Centre et Le Sud Du Bassin Parisien – Actes Du Colloque de Sens (15-18 Avril 2009), Mémoire de La Société Préhistorique Français. Paris, pp. 37–61. Boëda, É., 1994. Le concept Levallois: variabilité des méthodes, Monographie du CRA. CNRS Éd, Paris. Boëda, E., 1993. Le débitage discoïde et le débitage Levallois récurrent centripède. Bull. Société Préhistorique Fr. 90, 392–404. https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1993.9669 Boëda, E., Geneste, J.-M., Meignen, L., 1990. Identification de chaînes opératoires lithiques du Paléolithique ancien et moyen. Paléo 2, 43–80. https://doi.org/10.3406/pal.1990.988 Bon, F., 2006. A brief overview of Aurignacian cultures in the context of the industries of the transition from the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic, in: Bar-Yosef, O., Zilhão, J. (Eds.), Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian: Proceedings of the Symposium Held in Lisbon, Portugal, June 25-30, 2002, Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Instituto Português de Arqueologia ; American School of Prehistoric Research, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Lisboa : [Cambridge, Mass.], pp. 133–144. Bon, F., 2005. Little big tool. Enquete autour du succès de la lamelle, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxèmbourg, pp. 479–484. Bon, F., 2002a. L’Aurignacien entre mer et océan: réflexion sur l’unité des phases anciennes de l’Aurignacien dans le sud le la France, Mémoire / Société Préhistorique Française. Soc. Préhistorique Française, Paris. Bon, F., 2002b. Les termes de l´Aurignacien. Espac. Tiempo Forma Ser. Prehist. Arqueol. 1. https://doi.org/10.5944/etfi.15.2002.4737 Bon, F., Bodu, P., 2002. Analyse technologique du débitage aurignacien, in: Schmider, B. (Ed.), L’Aurignacien de La Grotte Du Renne. Les Fouilles d’André Leroi-Gourhan à Arcy-Sur-Cure (Yonne). CNRS, pp. 115–133. Bordes, J.-G., 2006. News from the West: a reevaluation of the classical Aurignacian sequence of the Périgord, in: Bar-Yosef, O., Zilhão, J. (Eds.), Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian: Proceedings of the Symposium Held in Lisbon, Portugal, June 25-30, 2002, Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Instituto Português de Arqueologia ; American School of Prehistoric Research, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Lisboa : [Cambridge, Mass.], pp. 147–171. Bordes, J.-G., 2005. La séquence aurignacienne du nord de l’Aquitaine: variabilité des productions lamellaires à Caminade-Est, Roc-de-Combe, Le Piage et Corbiac-Vignoble II, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 123–154. Bordes, J.-G., 2000. La séquence aurignacienne de Caminade revisitée : l’apport des raccords d’intérêt stratigraphique. The Aurignacian sequence at Caminade Est revisited : contribution of the refittings to stratigraphie study. Paléo 12, 387–407. https://doi.org/10.3406/pal.2000.1611 Bordes, J.-G., Lenoble, A., 2002. La “lamelle Caminade” : un nouvel outil lithique aurignacien ? Bull. Société Préhistorique Fr. 99, 735–749. https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.2002.12753 195 Bordes, J.-G., Tixier, J., 2002. Sur l’unité de l’Aurignacien ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de la France : la production des lames et des lamelles. Espac. Tiempo Forma Ser. Prehist. Arqueol. 1. https://doi.org/10.5944/etfi.15.2002.4743 Bosch, M.D., Mannino, M.A., Prendergast, A.L., O’Connell, T.C., Demarchi, B., Taylor, S.M., Niven, L., van der Plicht, J., Hublin, J.-J., 2015. New chronology for Ksâr ‘Akil (Lebanon) supports Levantine route of modern human dispersal into Europe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 7683–7688. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501529112 Bourguignon, L., 2001. Apports de l’expérimentation et de l’analyse techno-morpho-fonctionnelle à la reconnaissance du processus d’aménagement de la retouche Quina, in: Ortega, I., Frère-Sautot, M.-C. (Eds.), Préhistoire et Approche Expérimentale, Prehistoires. Monique Mergoil, Montagnac, pp. 35–66. Bowler, J.M., Johnston, H., Olley, J.M., Prescott, J.R., Roberts, R.G., Shawcross, W., Spooner, N.A., 2003. New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia. Nature 421, 837–840. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01383 Bradley, R.S., 2015a. Dating Methods I, in: Paleoclimatology. Elsevier, pp. 55–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386913-5.00003-X Bradley, R.S., 2015b. Dating Methods II, in: Paleoclimatology. Elsevier, pp. 103–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386913-5.00004-1 Breuil, H., 1913. Les subdivisions du paléolithique supérieur et leur signification., in: Congrès International d’anthropologie et d’archéologie Préhistoriques - Compte-Rendu de La XIVème Session, Genève, 1912. Imprimerie Albert Kündig, pp. 165–238. Broglio, A., Bertola, S., De Stefani, M., Marini, D., Lemorini, C., Rossetti, P., 2005. La production lamellaire et les armatures lamellaires de l’Aurignacien Ancien de la grotte de Fumane (Monts Lessini, Vénétie), in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 415–436. Broglio, A., Laplace, G., 1966. Etudes de typologie analytique des complexes leptolithiques de l’Europe centrale. I. Les complexes aurignacoïdes de la Basse Autriche. Riv. Sci. Preistoriche XXI, 61–121. Bronk Ramsey, C., 2009a. Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates. Radiocarbon 51, 337–360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200033865 Bronk Ramsey, C., 2009b. Dealing with Outliers and Offsets in Radiocarbon Dating. Radiocarbon 51, 1023–1045. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200034093 Bronk Ramsey, C., Higham, T., Bowles, A., Hedges, R., 2004a. Improvements to the Pretreatment of Bone at Oxford. Radiocarbon 46, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200039473 Bronk Ramsey, C., Higham, T., Leach, P., 2004b. Towards High-Precision AMS: Progress and Limitations. Radiocarbon 46, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200039308 Cabrera Valdés, V., Bernaldo de Quirós, F., Maillo Fernandez, J.M., Valladas, H., Martinez de La Riva Llorret, M., 2002. El Auriñaciense arcaico de El Castillo (Cantabria). Espac. Tiempo Forma, Prehistoria y Arqueologìa 15, 67–86. Chiotti, L., 2012. Some evidence for flake production in the Early Aurignacian: examples from the Pataud and Castanet rock shelters (France), in: Pastoors, A., Peresani, M. (Eds.), Flakes Not Blades: The Role of Flake Production at the Onset of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, Wissenschaftliche Schriften Des Neanderthal Museums. Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, pp. 105–117. Chiotti, L., Cretin, C., 2011. Les mises en forme de grattoirs carénés \/ nucléus de l’aurignacien ancien de l’abri Castanet \(Sergeac, Dordogne\). PALEO Rev. Archéologie Préhistorique 22, 69–84. Chiotti, L., Cretin, C., Morala, A., 2015. The Lithic Industries from Blanchard and Castanet Rock Shelters (Dordogne, France): Data from the 2005-2012 Excavations. Palethnologie 76–97. https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.751 196 Chu, W., 2018. The Danube Corridor Hypothesis and the Carpathian Basin: Geological, Environmental and Archaeological Approaches to Characterizing Aurignacian Dynamics. J. World Prehistory 31, 117–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-018-9115-1 Chu, W., Lengyel, G., Zeeden, C., Péntek, A., Kaminská, Ľ., Mester, Z., 2018. Early Upper Paleolithic surface collections from loess-like sediments in the northern Carpathian Basin. Quat. Int. 485, 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.05.017 Chu, W., Pötter, S., Doboș, A., Albert, T., Klasen, N., Ciornei, A., Bösken, J.J., Schulte, P., 2019. Geoarchaeology and geochronology of the Upper Palaeolithic site of Temerești Dealu Vinii, Banat, Romania: Site formation processes and human activity of an open-air locality. Quartär 111–134. https://doi.org/10.7485/QU66_5 Chu, W., Richter, J., 2020. Aurignacian Cultural Unit, in: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3441-1 Conard, N.J., Bolus, M., 2003. Radiocarbon dating the appearance of modern humans and timing of cultural innovations in Europe: new results and new challenges. J. Hum. Evol. 44, 331–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2484(02)00202-6 Conard, N.J., Soressi, M., Parkington, J.E., Wurz, S., Yates, R., 2004. A Unified Lithic Taxonomy Based on Patterns of Core Reduction. South Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 59, 13–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/3889318 Cortés-Sánchez, M., Jiménez-Espejo, F.J., Simón-Vallejo, M.D., Stringer, C., Lozano Francisco, M.C., García-Alix, A., Vera Peláez, J.L., Odriozola, C.P., Riquelme-Cantal, J.A., Parrilla Giráldez, R., Maestro González, A., Ohkouchi, N., Morales-Muñiz, A., 2019a. An early Aurignacian arrival in southwestern Europe. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 207–212. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0753-6 Cortés-Sánchez, M., Jiménez-Espejo, F.J., Simón-Vallejo, M.D., Stringer, C., Lozano Francisco, M.C., García-Alix, A., Vera Peláez, J.L., Odriozola, C.P., Riquelme-Cantal, J.A., Parrilla-Giráldez, R., Maestro González, A., Ohkouchi, N., Morales-Muñiz, A., 2019b. Reply to ‘Dating on its own cannot resolve hominin occupation patterns’ and ‘No reliable evidence for a very early Aurignacian in Southern Iberia.’ Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 714–715. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0887-1 Coupaye, L., 2015. Chaîne opératoire, transects et théories : quelques réflexions et suggestions sur le parcours d’une méthode classique, in: Soulier, P. (Ed.), André Leroi-Gourhan, L’homme Tout Simplement: Mémoires Et Postérité D’André Leroi-Gourhan, Travaux de la MAE. Editions De Boccard, Paris, pp. 69–84. Crabtree, D.E., 1966. A stoneworker’s approach to analyzing and replicating the Lindenmeier Folsom. Tebiwa 9: 3-3. Tebiwa 9, 3–39. Cresswell, R., 2010. Techniques et culture : les bases d’un programme de travail. Tech. Cult. 20–45. https://doi.org/10.4000/tc.4979 D’Angelo, E., Mussi, M., 2005. Galets et lamelles de l’Aurignacien du Latium (Italie Centrale): le cas de grotta Barbara, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 313–322. Davidzon, A., Goring-Morris, N., 2003. Sealed in Stone: The Upper Palaeolithic Early Ahmarian Knapping Method in the Light of Refitting Studies at Nahal Nizzana XIII, Western Negev, Israel. J. Isr. Prehist. Soc. 33, 75–205. de la Peña, P., 2019. Dating on its own cannot resolve hominin occupation patterns. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 3, 712–712. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0886-2 De Stefani, M., Dini, M., Klempererova, H., Peresani, M., Ranaldo, F., Ronchitelli, A., Ziggiotti, S., 2012. Continuity and replacement in flake production across the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic Transition: a view over the Italian peninsula., in: Pastoors, A., Peresani, M. (Eds.), Flakes Not Blades: The Role of Flake Production at the Onset of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, 197 Wissenschaftliche Schriften Des Neanderthal Museums. Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, pp. 135–151. Degano, I., Soriano, S., Villa, P., Pollarolo, L., Lucejko, J.J., Jacobs, Z., Douka, K., Vitagliano, S., Tozzi, C., 2019a. Hafting of Middle Paleolithic tools in Latium (central Italy): New data from Fossellone and Sant’Agostino caves. PLOS ONE 14, e0213473. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213473 Degano, I., Soriano, S., Villa, P., Pollarolo, L., Lucejko, J.J., Jacobs, Z., Douka, K., Vitagliano, S., Tozzi, C., 2019b. S1 File. Sites and assemblages: text and figures: Hafting of Middle Paleolithic tools from Latium (central Italy): New data from Fossellone and Sant’Agostino caves. PLoS ONE 14, e0213473. Delpiano, D., Peresani, M., 2017. Exploring Neanderthal skills and lithic economy. The implication of a refitted Discoid reduction sequence reconstructed using 3D virtual analysis. Comptes Rendus Palevol 16, 865–877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2017.06.008 Delporte, H., 1991. La séquence aurignacienne et périgordienne sur la base des travaux récents réalisés en Périgord. Bull. Société Préhistorique Fr. 88, 243–256. Demars, P.-Y., Laurent, P., 1992. Types d’outils lithiques du paleolithique superieur en Europe, Cahiers du quaternaire. Presses du CNRS, Paris. Demeter, F., Shackelford, L.L., Bacon, A.-M., Duringer, P., Westaway, K., Sayavongkhamdy, T., Braga, J., Sichanthongtip, P., Khamdalavong, P., Ponche, J.-L., Wang, H., Lundstrom, C., Patole-Edoumba, E., Karpoff, A.-M., 2012. Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 14375–14380. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208104109 Demidenko, E.Y., 2000. The European Early Aurignacian of Krems-Dufour type industries: a view from Eastern Europe. Préhistoire Eur. 16–17, 147–162. Demidenko, E.Y., Hauck, T.C., 2017. Yabrud II rock-shelter archaeological sequence (Syria) and possible Proto- Aurignacian origin in the Levant, in: Otto, M., Le Tensorer, J.-M. (Eds.), Vocabulaire préhistoire. Hommage à Jean-Marie Le Tensorer. ERAUL, pp. 87–98. Demidenko, E.Y., Noiret, P., 2012. The Siuren I Aurignacian of Krems-Dufour Type Industries in the Context of the European Aurignacian, in: Demidenko, E.Y., Otte, M., Noiret, P. (Eds.), From Late Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic to Epi-Paleolithic in Crimea. The Paleolithic of Crimea. ERAUL, Liège, pp. 343–357. Demidenko, Y.E., 2014. Siuren I Rockshelter: From the Late Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic to the Epipaleolithic in Crimea, in: Smith, C. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer New York, New York, NY, pp. 6711–6721. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1867 Dibble, H.L., 1997. Platform Variability and Flake Morphology: A Comparison of Experimental and Archaeological Data and Implications for Interpreting Prehistoric Lithic Technological Strategies. Lithic Technol. 22, 150–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.1997.11754540 Dibble, H.L., 1995. Biache Saint-Vaast , Level IIA: A comparison of analytical approaches, in: Dibble, H.L., Bar-Yosef, O. (Eds.), The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology, Monographs in World Archaeology. Madison, Winsconsin, pp. 93–116. Dini, M., Baills, H., Conforti, J., Tozzi, C., 2012. Le Protoaurignacien de la Grotte La Fabbrica (Grosseto, Italie) dans le contexte de l’arc nord méditerranéen. L’Anthropologie 116, 550–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2012.10.003 Dini, M., Tozzi, C., 2012. La Transizione Paleolitico Medio- Paleolitico Superiore nella grotta La Fabbrica (Grosseto - Toscana). Atti Della Soc. Toscana Sci. Nat. Resid. Pisa Mem. Ser. A 117–119, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.2424/ASTSN.M.2012.24 Dinnis, R., Bessudnov, A., Reynolds, N., Devièse, T., Pate, A., Sablin, M., Sinitsyn, A., Higham, T., 2019. New data for the Early Upper Paleolithic of Kostenki (Russia). J. Hum. Evol. 127, 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.11.012 Djindjian, F., 2007. Henri Delporte au Musée des antiquités nationales : les recherches sur l’Aurignacien du Périgord, in: Desbrosse, R., Thévenin, A. (Eds.), Arts et cultures de la préhistoire. Hommages à Henri Delporte, Documents préhistoriques. Éd. du CTHS, Paris, pp. 139–157. 198 Douka, K., 2013. Exploring “the great wilderness of prehistory”: The Chronology of the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic Transition in the Northern Levant. Mitteilungen Ges. Für Urgesch. 22, 11–40. Douka, K., Bergman, C.A., Hedges, R.E.M., Wesselingh, F.P., Higham, T.F.G., 2013. Chronology of Ksar Akil (Lebanon) and Implications for the Colonization of Europe by Anatomically Modern Humans. PLoS ONE 8, e72931. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072931 Douka, K., Grimaldi, S., Boschian, G., del Lucchese, A., Higham, T.F.G., 2012. A new chronostratigraphic framework for the Upper Palaeolithic of Riparo Mochi (Italy). J. Hum. Evol. 62, 286–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.009 Douka, K., Hedges, R.E.M., Higham, T.F.G., 2010. Improved AMS 14 C Dating of Shell Carbonates Using High-Precision X-Ray Diffraction and a Novel Density Separation Protocol (Cards). Radiocarbon 52, 735–751. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200045756 Douka, K., Higham, T., 2017. The Chronological Factor in Understanding the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of Eurasia. Curr. Anthropol. 58, S480–S490. https://doi.org/10.1086/694173 Doyon, P.L., 2017. La variabilité technologique et morphométrique des pointes de projectile aurignaciennes en matière osseuse (Doctoral thesis). Préhistoire - Université de Bordeaux et Anthropologie (archéologie préhistorique) - Université de Montréal, Bordeaux-Montreal. Driscoll, K., García-Rojas, M., 2014. Their lips are sealed: identifying hard stone, soft stone, and antler hammer direct percussion in Palaeolithic prismatic blade production. J. Archaeol. Sci. 47, 134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.04.008 Falcucci, A., 2018. Towards a Renewed Definition of the Protoaurignacian. Mitteilungen Ges. Für Urgesch. 27, 87–130. Falcucci, A., Conard, N.J., Peresani, M., 2017. A critical assessment of the Protoaurignacian lithic technology at Fumane Cave and its implications for the definition of the earliest Aurignacian. PLOS ONE 12, e0189241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189241 Falcucci, A., Peresani, M., 2018. Protoaurignacian Core Reduction Procedures: Blade and Bladelet Technologies at Fumane Cave. Lithic Technol. 43, 125–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.2018.1439681 Falcucci, A., Peresani, M., Roussel, M., Normand, C., Soressi, M., 2018. What’s the point? Retouched bladelet variability in the Protoaurignacian. Results from Fumane, Isturitz, and Les Cottés. Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 10, 539–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0365-5 Fedele, F.G., Giaccio, B., Isaia, R., Orsi, G., 2003. The Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption, Heinrich Event 4, and palaeolithic change in Europe: A high-resolution investigation, in: Robock, A., Oppenheimer, C. (Eds.), Geophysical Monograph Series. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C., pp. 301–325. https://doi.org/10.1029/139GM20 Fletcher, W.J., Sánchez Goñi, M.F., Allen, J.R.M., Cheddadi, R., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Huntley, B., Lawson, I., Londeix, L., Magri, D., Margari, V., Müller, U.C., Naughton, F., Novenko, E., Roucoux, K., Tzedakis, P.C., 2010. Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe. Quat. Sci. Rev. 29, 2839–2864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.015 Floss, H., Froehle, S., Wettengl, S., 2016. The Aurignacian along the Danube Its Two-Fold Role as a Transalpine and Cisalpine Passageway of Early Homo Sapiens into Europe, in: Krauss, R., Floss, H. (Eds.), Southeast Europe Before Neolithisation. Proceedings of the International Workshop within the Collaborative Research Centres SFB 1070 “RESSOURCENKULTUREN”, Schloß Hohentübingen, 9th of May 2014, RessourcenKulturen. Universität Tübingen, Tuebingen, pp. 13–39. https://doi.org/10.15496/PUBLIKATION-10762 Fox, J.R., 2003. 8. The Tor Sadaf Lithic Assemblages: A Technological Study of the Early Upper Palaeolithic in the Wadi al-Hasa, in: Goring-Morris, A.N., Belfer-Cohen, A. (Eds.), More than Meets the Eye: Studies on Upper Palaeolithic Diversity in the Near East. Oxbow ; David Brown Book Co, Oxford : Oakville, CT, pp. 80–94. Fu, Q., Hajdinjak, M., Moldovan, O.T., Constantin, S., Mallick, S., Skoglund, P., Patterson, N., Rohland, N., Lazaridis, I., Nickel, B., Viola, B., Prüfer, K., Meyer, M., Kelso, J., Reich, D., 199 Pääbo, S., 2015. An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor. Nature 524, 216–219. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14558 Fu, Q., Li, H., Moorjani, P., Jay, F., Slepchenko, S.M., Bondarev, A.A., Johnson, P.L.F., Aximu-Petri, A., Prüfer, K., de Filippo, C., Meyer, M., Zwyns, N., Salazar-García, D.C., Kuzmin, Y.V., Keates, S.G., Kosintsev, P.A., Razhev, D.I., Richards, M.P., Peristov, N.V., Lachmann, M., Douka, K., Higham, T.F.G., Slatkin, M., Hublin, J.-J., Reich, D., Kelso, J., Viola, T.B., Pääbo, S., 2014. Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia. Nature 514, 445–449. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13810 Gambassini, P., 1997. Le industrie paleolitiche di Castelcivita, in: Gambassini, P., Napoleone, G. (Eds.), Il Paleolitico di Castelcivita : culture e ambiente, Materiae. Electa Napoli, Napoli, pp. 92–145. Garrod, D., 1957. Notes sur le Paléolithique Supérieur du Moyen Orient. Bull. Société Préhistorique Fr. 54, 439–446. https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1957.7854 Geneste, J.-M., 2010. Systèmes techniques de production lithique: Variations techno-économiques dans les processus de réalisation des outillages paléolithiques. Tech. Cult. 419–449. https://doi.org/10.4000/tc.5013 Giaccio, B., Hajdas, I., Isaia, R., Deino, A., Nomade, S., 2017. High-precision 14C and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite (Y-5) reconciles the time-scales of climatic-cultural processes at 40 ka. Sci. Rep. 7, 45940. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45940 Giaccio, B., Isaia, R., Fedele, F.G., Di Canzio, E., Hoffecker, J., Ronchitelli, A., Sinitsyn, A.A., Anikovich, M., Lisitsyn, S.N., Popov, V.V., 2008. The Campanian Ignimbrite and Codola tephra layers: Two temporal/stratigraphic markers for the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Italy and eastern Europe. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 177, 208–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.10.007 Gilead, I., 1991. The Upper Paleolithic period in the Levant. J. World Prehistory 5, 105–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00974677 Gilead, I., 1983. Upper Palaeolithic Occurrences in Sinai and the transition to the Epi-palaeolithic in the Southern Levant. Paléorient 9, 39–53. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1983.4330 Gilead, I., Bar-Yosef, O., 1993. Early Upper Paleolithic Sites in the Qadesh Barnea Area, NE Sinai. J. Field Archaeol. 20, 265–280. Goldberg, P., Meignen, L., Mallol, C., 2009. Geoarcheology, Site Formation, and Transitions, in: Shea, J.J., Lieberman, D. (Eds.), Transitions in Prehistory: Essays in Honor of Ofer Bar-Yosef, American School of Prehistoric Research Monograph Series. Oxbow Books ; David Brown Book Co.], [Oxford, England] : [Oakville, Conn, pp. 431–443. Golovanova, L.V., Doronichev, V.B., 2012. The Early Upper Paleolithic of the Caucasus in the West Eurasian Context, in: Otte, M., Shidrang, S., Flas, D. (Eds.), L’Aurignacien de La Grotte Yafteh et Son Contexte (Fouilles 2005-2008) /The Aurignacian of Yafteh Cave and Its Context (2005-2008 Excavations). Universite de Liege, Liege, pp. 137–160. Goring-Morris, N., Belfer-Cohen, A., 2018. The Ahmarian in the Context of the Earlier Upper Palaeolithic in the Near East, in: Nishiaki, Y., Akazawa, T. (Eds.), The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_7 Goring-Morris, N., Davidzon, A., 2006. Straight to the point: Upper Paleolithic Ahmarian lithic technology in the Levant. Anthropologie XLIV, 93–111. Grimaldi, S., Porraz, G., Santaniello, F., 2014. Raw material procurement and land use in the northern Mediterranean Arc: insight from the first Proto-Aurignacian of Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Italy). Quartär 61, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.7485/QU61_06 Groucutt, H.S., Grün, R., Zalmout, I.A.S., Drake, N.A., Armitage, S.J., Candy, I., Clark-Wilson, R., Louys, J., Breeze, P.S., Duval, M., Buck, L.T., Kivell, T.L., Pomeroy, E., Stephens, N.B., Stock, J.T., Stewart, M., Price, G.J., Kinsley, L., Sung, W.W., Alsharekh, A., Al-Omari, A., Zahir, M., Memesh, A.M., Abdulshakoor, A.J., Al-Masari, A.M., Bahameem, A.A., Al Murayyi, K.M.S., Zahrani, B., Scerri, E.L.M., Petraglia, M.D., 2018. Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2, 800–809. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0518-2 200 Groucutt, H.S., Petraglia, M.D., Bailey, G., Scerri, E.M.L., Parton, A., Clark-Balzan, L., Jennings, R.P., Lewis, L., Blinkhorn, J., Drake, N.A., Breeze, P.S., Inglis, R.H., Devès, M.H., Meredith-Williams, M., Boivin, N., Thomas, M.G., Scally, A., 2015. Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa: Rethinking the Dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa. Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev. 24, 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21455 Hauck, T.C., Lehmkuhl, F., Zeeden, C., Bösken, J., Thiemann, A., Richter, J., 2018. The Aurignacian way of life: Contextualizing early modern human adaptation in the Carpathian Basin. Quat. Int. 485, 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.020 Haws, J.A., Benedetti, M.M., Talamo, S., Bicho, N., Cascalheira, J., Ellis, M.G., Carvalho, M.M., Friedl, L., Pereira, T., Zinsious, B.K., 2020. The early Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans into westernmost Eurasia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 202016062. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016062117 Hedges, R., Davies, W., 2008. Dating a type-site: Fitting Szeleta Cave into its regional chronometric context. Praehistoria 9–10, 35–45. Heinrich, H., 1988. Origin and Consequences of Cyclic Ice Rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean During the Past 130,000 Years. Quat. Res. 29, 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90057-9 Hemming, S.R., 2004. Heinrich events: Massive late Pleistocene detritus layers of the North Atlantic and their global climate imprint. Rev. Geophys. 42, RG1005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RG000128 Hershkovitz, I., Marder, O., Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Yasur, G., Boaretto, E., Caracuta, V., Alex, B., Frumkin, A., Goder-Goldberger, M., Gunz, P., Holloway, R.L., Latimer, B., Lavi, R., Matthews, A., Slon, V., Mayer, D.B.-Y., Berna, F., Bar-Oz, G., Yeshurun, R., May, H., Hans, M.G., Weber, G.W., Barzilai, O., 2015. Levantine cranium from Manot Cave (Israel) foreshadows the first European modern humans. Nature 520, 216–219. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14134 Hershkovitz, I., Weber, G.W., Quam, R., Duval, M., Grün, R., Kinsley, L., Ayalon, A., Bar-Matthews, M., Valladas, H., Mercier, N., Arsuaga, J.L., Martinón-Torres, M., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., Fornai, C., Martín-Francés, L., Sarig, R., May, H., Krenn, V.A., Slon, V., Rodríguez, L., García, R., Lorenzo, C., Carretero, J.M., Frumkin, A., Shahack-Gross, R., Bar-Yosef Mayer, D.E., Cui, Y., Wu, X., Peled, N., Groman-Yaroslavski, I., Weissbrod, L., Yeshurun, R., Tsatskin, A., Zaidner, Y., Weinstein-Evron, M., 2018. The earliest modern humans outside Africa. Science 359, 456–459. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8369 Higham, T., Basell, L., Jacobi, R., Wood, R., Ramsey, C.B., Conard, N.J., 2012. Τesting models for the beginnings of the Aurignacian and the advent of figurative art and music: The radiocarbon chronology of Geißenklösterle. J. Hum. Evol. 62, 664–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.03.003 Higham, T., Brock, F., Peresani, M., Broglio, A., Wood, R., Douka, K., 2009. Problems with radiocarbon dating the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Italy. Quat. Sci. Rev. 28, 1257–1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.12.018 Higham, T., Compton, T., Stringer, C., Jacobi, R., Shapiro, B., Trinkaus, E., Chandler, B., Gröning, F., Collins, C., Hillson, S., O’Higgins, P., FitzGerald, C., Fagan, M., 2011. The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwestern Europe. Nature 479, 521–524. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10484 Higham, T., Jacobi, R., Julien, M., David, F., Basell, L., Wood, R., Davies, W., Ramsey, C.B., 2010. Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Chatelperronian. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 20234–20239. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007963107 Hoffecker, J.F., Holliday, V.T., 2014. Landscape Archaeology and the Dispersal of Modern Humans in Eastern Europe, in: Vasil’ev, S.A., Tkach, E.S. (Eds.), Verkhnii Paleolit Severnoi Evrazii i Ameriki: Pamiatniki, Kul’tury, Traditsii. Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie, Saint Petersburg, pp. 140–170. Hoffecker, J.F., Holliday, V.T., Anikovich, M.V., Dudin, A.E., Platonova, N.I., Popov, V.V., Levkovskaya, G.M., Kuz’mina, I.E., Syromyatnikova, E.V., Burova, N.D., Goldberg, P., 201 Macphail, R.I., Forman, S.L., Carter, B.J., Crawford, L.J., 2016. Kostenki 1 and the early Upper Paleolithic of Eastern Europe. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 5, 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.11.013 Hoffmann, D.L., Standish, C.D., García-Diez, M., Pettitt, P.B., Milton, J.A., Zilhão, J., Alcolea-González, J.J., Cantalejo-Duarte, P., Collado, H., de Balbín, R., Lorblanchet, M., Ramos-Muñoz, J., Weniger, G.-Ch., Pike, A.W.G., 2018a. U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art. Science 359, 912–915. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778 Hoffmann, D.L., Standish, C.D., García-Diez, M., Pettitt, P.B., Milton, J.A., Zilhão, J., Alcolea-González, J.J., Cantalejo-Duarte, P., Collado, H., de Balbín, R., Lorblanchet, M., Ramos-Muñoz, J., Weniger, G.-Ch., Pike, A.W.G., 2018b. Response to Comment on “U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art.” Science 362, eaau1736. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1736 Holt, B., Negrino, F., Riel-Salvatore, J., Formicola, V., Arellano, A., Arobba, D., Boschian, G., Churchill, S.E., Cristiani, E., Di Canzio, E., Vicino, G., 2019. The Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in Northwest Italy: new evidence from Riparo Bombrini (Balzi Rossi, Liguria, Italy). Quat. Int. 508, 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.11.032 Hublin, J.-J., 2015. The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where? Quat. Sci. Rev. 118, 194–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011 Hublin, J.-J., Sirakov, N., Aldeias, V., Bailey, S.E., Bard, E., Delvigne, V., Endarova, E., Fagault, Y., Fewlass, H., Hajdinjak, M., Kromer, B., Krumov, I., Marreiros, J., Martisius, L.N., Paskulin, L., Sinet-Mathiot, V., Meyer, M., Pääbo, S., Popov, V., Rezek, Z., Sirakova, S., Skinner, M.M., Smith, M.G., Spasov, R., Talamo, S., Tuna, T., Wacker, L., Welker, F., Wilcke, A., Zaharlev, N., McPherron, P.S., Tsanova, T., 2020. Initial Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria. Nature 20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2259- Hussain, S.T., 2015. Betwixt seriality and sortiment: rethinking early Ahmarian blade technology in Al-Ansab 1, in: Schyle, D., Richter, J. (Eds.), Pleistocene Archaeology of the Petra Area in Jordan, Band 5. Leidorf, Rahden/Westf, pp. 131–147. Inizan, M.-L., Reduron-Ballinger, M., Roche, H., Tixier, J., Féblot-Augustins, J. (Eds.), 1999. Technology and terminology of knapped stone: followed by a multilingual vocabulary - Arabic, English, French, German,Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Préhistoire de la pierre taillée. CREP, Nanterre. Jacobi, R.M., Higham, T.F.G., Ramsey, C.B., 2006. AMS radiocarbon dating of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic bone in the British Isles: improved reliability using ultrafiltration. J. Quat. Sci. 21, 557–573. https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1037 Jacobs, Z., Li, B., Jankowski, N., Soressi, M., 2015. Testing of a single grain OSL chronology across the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition at Les Cottés (France). J. Archaeol. Sci. 54, 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2014.11.020 Kadowaki, S., 2018. Ahmarian or Levantine Aurignacian? Wadi Kharar 16R and New Insights into the Upper Palaeolithic Lithic Technology in the Northeastern Levant, in: Nishiaki, Y., Akazawa, T. (Eds.), The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_8 Kadowaki, S., Omori, T., Nishiaki, Y., 2015. Variability in Early Ahmarian lithic technology and its implications for the model of a Levantine origin of the Protoaurignacian. J. Hum. Evol. 82, 67–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.017 Karkanas, P. (Takis), Goldberg, P., 2018. Reconstructing Archaeological Sites: Understanding the Geoarchaeological Matrix, 1st ed. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119016427 Kaufman, D., 1986. A Proposed Method for Distinguishing Between Blades and Bladelets. Lithic Technol. 15, 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/01977261.1986.11720864 Kels, H., Protze, J., Sitlivy, V., Hilgers, A., Zander, A., Anghelinu, M., Bertrams, M., Lehmkuhl, F., 2014. Genesis of loess-like sediments and soils at the foothills of the Banat Mountains, 202 Romania – Examples from the Paleolithic sites Româneşti and Coşava. Quat. Int. 351, 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.063 Klasen, N., Hilgers, A., Schmidt, C., Bertrams, M., Schyle, D., Lehmkuhl, F., Richter, J., Radtke, U., 2013. Optical dating of sediments in Wadi Sabra (SW Jordan). Quat. Geochronol. 18, 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2013.08.002 Kuhn, S.L., 2004. From Initial Upper Paleolithic to Ahmarian at Üçağızlı cave, Turkey. Anthropologie XLII, 249–262. Kuhn, S.L., Stiner, M.C., 1998. The Earliest Aurignacian of Riparo Mochi (Liguria, Italy). Curr. Anthropol. 39, S175–S189. https://doi.org/10.1086/204694 Kuhn, S.L., Stiner, M.C., Güleç, E., Özer, I., Yılmaz, H., Baykara, I., Açıkkol, A., Goldberg, P., Molina, K.M., Ünay, E., Suata-Alpaslan, F., 2009. The early Upper Paleolithic occupations at Üçağızlı Cave (Hatay, Turkey). J. Hum. Evol. 56, 87–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.07.014 Laplace, G., 1966. Recherches sur l’origine et l’évolution des complexes leptolithiques. École Française de Rome, Rome. Laughlin, J.P., Kelly, R.L., 2010. Experimental analysis of the practical limits of lithic refitting. J. Archaeol. Sci. 37, 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.10.007 Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), 2005a. Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Presented at the Congrès UISPP, Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg. Le Brun-Ricalens, F., 2005b. Reconaissance d’un “concept technoculturel” de l’Aurignacien Ancien?, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 157–190. Le Brun-Ricalens, F., 1993. Réflexions préliminaires sur le comportement litho-technologique et l’occupation du territoire du pays des Serres à l’Aurignacien: Le gisement de “Toulousète” à Beauville (Lot et Garonne). Une occupation moustérienne et aurignacienne de plein air. Paléo 5, 127–153. https://doi.org/10.3406/pal.1993.1108 Le Brun-Ricalens, F., Bordes, J.-G., Eizenberg, L., 2009. 2. A crossed-glance between southern European and Middle-Near Eastern early Upper Palaeolithic lithic technocomplexes. Existing models, new perspectives, in: Camps, M., Szmidt, C.C. (Eds.), The Mediterranean from 50 000 to 25 000 BP: Turning Points and New Directions. Oxford, pp. 11–33. Lengyel, G., Béres, S., Fodor, L., 2006. NEW LITHIC EVIDENCE OF THE AURIGNACIAN IN HUNGARY. Eurasian Prehistory 4, 79–85. Liu, W., Martinón-Torres, M., Cai, Y., Xing, S., Tong, H., Pei, S., Sier, M.J., Wu, Xiao-hong, Edwards, R.L., Cheng, H., Li, Y., Yang, X., de Castro, J.M.B., Wu, Xiu-jie, 2015. The earliest unequivocally modern humans in southern China. Nature 526, 696–699. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15696 López-García, J.M., dalla Valle, C., Cremaschi, M., Peresani, M., 2015. Reconstruction of the Neanderthal and Modern Human landscape and climate from the Fumane cave sequence (Verona, Italy) using small-mammal assemblages. Quat. Sci. Rev. 128, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.013 Maíllo Fernández, J.M., 2006. Archaic Aurignacian lithic technology in Cueva Morín (Cantabria, Spain), in: Bar-Yosef, O., Zilhão, J. (Eds.), Towards a Definition of the Aurignacian: Proceedings of the Symposium Held in Lisbon, Portugal, June 25-30, 2002, Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Instituto Português de Arqueologia ; American School of Prehistoric Research, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Lisboa : [Cambridge, Mass.], pp. 111–130. Maíllo Fernández, J.M., 2005. La production lamellaire de l’Aurignacien de la grotte Morin (Cantabrie, Espagne), in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes 203 opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 339–357. Maíllo-Fernández, J.M., 2012. Missing Lithics: the role of flakes in the Early Upper Palaeolithic of the Cantabrian region (Spain), in: Pastoors, A., Peresani, M. (Eds.), Flakes Not Blades: The Role of Flake Production at the Onset of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, Wissenschaftliche Schriften Des Neanderthal-Museums. Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, pp. 69–84. Maíllo-Fernández, J.M., de Quirós, F.B., 2010. L’Aurignacien archaïque de la grotte El Castillo (Espagne) : caractérisation technologique et typologique. L’Anthropologie 114, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2010.01.001 Marder, O., Hershkovitz, I., Barzilai, O., 2017. The Early Upper Palaeolithic of Manot Cave, Western Galilee: Chrono-Cultural, Subsistence, and Palaeo-Environmental Reconstruction, in: Enzel, Y., Bar-Yosef, O. (Eds.), Quaternary of the Levant. Cambridge University Press, pp. 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316106754.031 Markó, A., 2017. Istállóskő revisited: the osseous artefacts from the lower layer. Acta Archaeol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 68, 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1556/072.2017.68.2.1 Markó, A., 2015. Istállóskő revisited: Lithic artefacts and assemblages, sixty years after. Acta Archaeol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 66, 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1556/072.2015.66.1.1 Martínez-Moreno, J., Mora, R., de la Torre, I., Benito-Calvo, A., 2012. The role of flakes in the early Upper Palaeolithic 497D assemblage of Cova Gan de Santa Linya (Southeastern pre-Pyrenees, Spain), in: Pastoors, A., Peresani, M. (Eds.), Flakes Not Blades: The Role of Flake Production at the Onset of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, Wissenschaftliche Schriften Des Neanderthal-Museums. Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, pp. 85–104. Mellars, P., 2011. The earliest modern humans in Europe. Nature 479, 483–485. https://doi.org/10.1038/479483a Mellars, P., 2006a. A new radiocarbon revolution and the dispersal of modern humans in Eurasia. Nature 439, 931–935. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04521 Mellars, P., 2006b. Archeology and the dispersal of modern humans in Europe: Deconstructing the “Aurignacian.” Evol. Anthropol. Issues News Rev. 15, 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20103 Mellars, P., 2006c. Why did modern human populations disperse from Africa ca. 60,000 years ago? A new model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103, 9381–9386. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510792103 Mellars, P., 1992. Archaeology and the population-dispersal hypothesis of modern human origins in Europe. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 337, 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1992.0100 Michel, V., Valladas, H., Shen, G., Wang, W., Zhao, J., Shen, C.-C., Valensi, P., Bae, C.J., 2016. The earliest modern Homo sapiens in China? J. Hum. Evol. 101, 101–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.008 Miebach, A., Stolzenberger, S., Wacker, L., Hense, A., Litt, T., 2019. A new Dead Sea pollen record reveals the last glacial paleoenvironment of the southern Levant. Quat. Sci. Rev. 214, 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.033 Monigal, K., 2003. 11. Technology, Economy, and Mobility at the Beginning of the Levantine Upper Palaeolithic, in: Goring-Morris, A.N., Belfer-Cohen, A. (Eds.), More than Meets the Eye: Studies on Upper Palaeolithic Diversity in the Near East. Oxbow ; David Brown Book Co, Oxford : Oakville, CT, pp. 118–133. Monigal, K., 2002. The Levantine leptolithic: blade production from the Lower Paleolithic to the dawn of the Upper Paleolithic (Doctoral thesis). Dedman College-Southern Methodist University. Monigal, K., Usik, V.I., Koulakovskaya, L., Gerasimenko, N.P., 2006. The beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in Transcarpathia, Ukraine. Anthropologie 44, 61–74. Monnier, G.F., Missal, K., 2014. Another Mousterian Debate? Bordian facies, chaîne opératoire technocomplexes, and patterns of lithic variability in the western European Middle and Upper Pleistocene. Quat. Int. 350, 59–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.053 204 Moreau, L., Odar, B., Higham, T., Horvat, A., Pirkmajer, D., Turk, P., 2015. Reassessing the Aurignacian of Slovenia: Techno-economic behaviour and direct dating of osseous projectile points. J. Hum. Evol. 78, 158–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.09.007 Nejman, L., Rhodes, E., Škrdla, P., Tostevin, G.B., Neruda, P., Nerudová, Z., Valoch, K., Oliva, M., Kaminská, L., Svoboda, J., Grün, R., 2011. New Chronological evidence for the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic Transistion in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: new optically stimulated luminescence dating results. Archaeometry 53, 1044–1066. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00586.x Neuville, R., 1934. Le Préhistorique de Palestine. Rev. Biblique 43, 237–259. Nigst, P.R., Haesaerts, P., 2012. L’Aurignacien en Basse Autriche : résultats préliminaires de l’analyse technologique de la couche culturelle 3 de Willendorf II et ses implications pour la chronologie du Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe centrale. L’Anthropologie 116, 575–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2011.10.004 Nigst, P.R., Haesaerts, P., Damblon, F., Frank-Fellner, C., Mallol, C., Viola, B., Götzinger, M., Niven, L., Trnka, G., Hublin, J.-J., 2014. Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111, 14394–14399. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412201111 Normand, C., de Beaune, S.A., Costamagno, S., Diot, M.-F., Henry-Gambier, D., Goutas, N., Laroulandie, V., Lenoble, A., O’Farrell, M., Rendu, W., Rios Garaizar, J., Schwab, C., Tarriño Vinagre, A., Texier, J.-P., White, R., 2007. Nouvelles données sur la séquence aurignacienne de la grotte d’Isturitz (communes d’Isturitz et de Saint-Martin-d’Arberoue. Pyrénées Atlantiques), in: Jacques Evin. Un Siècle de Construction Du Discours Scientifique En Préhistoire, Vol. III ” ..Aux Conceptions d’aujourd’hui ”, Actes Du Congrès Préhistorique de France, XXVIe Session, Congrès Du Centenaire, 21-25 Septembre 2004, Avignon., Mémoires de La Société Préhistorique Française. pp. 277–293. Normand, C., O’Farrell, M., Rios Garaizar, J., 2008. Quelle(s) utilisation(s) pour le productions lamellaires de l’Aurignacien Archaique? Quelques données et réflexions à partir des exemplaires de la grotte d’Isturitz (Pyrénées-Atlantiques; France), in: Lea, V. (Ed.), Recherches sur les armatures de projectiles du Paléolithique supérieur au Néolithique (actes du colloque C83, XVe congrès de l’UISPP, Lisbonne, 4-9 septembre 2006). Palaeoethnologie, pp. 7–46. Normand, C., Turq, A., 2005. L’Aurignacien de la grotte d’Isturitz (France): la production lamellaire dans la séquence de la salle de Saint-Martin, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 375–392. North Greenland Ice Core Project members, 2004. High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the last interglacial period. Nature 431, 147–151. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02805 Obreht, I., Hambach, U., Veres, D., Zeeden, C., Bösken, J., Stevens, T., Marković, S.B., Klasen, N., Brill, D., Burow, C., Lehmkuhl, F., 2017. Shift of large-scale atmospheric systems over Europe during late MIS 3 and implications for Modern Human dispersal. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06285-x O’Connell, J.F., Allen, J., Williams, M.A.J., Williams, A.N., Turney, C.S.M., Spooner, N.A., Kamminga, J., Brown, G., Cooper, A., 2018. When did Homo sapiens first reach Southeast Asia and Sahul? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 115, 8482–8490. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808385115 Onoratini, G., 2008. Le Protoaurignacien et l’Aurignacien des grottes de Grimaldi dans le contexte des cultures du Paléolithique supérieur de l’Europe méditerranéenne., in: Histoire et actualité de l’oeuvre scientifique de S.A.S. le prince Albert Ier de Monaco: 1895-2005: bilan et perspectives des connaissances sur les peuplement snéandertaliens et les premiers hommes 205 modernes de l’Europe méditerranéenne : actes du colloque international Paris - 2 mars 2005. Archives de l’Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Paris, pp. 111–120. Ortega Cobos, D., Soler Masferrer, N., Maroto Genover, J., 2005. La production des lamelles pendant l’Aurignacien Archaique dans la grotte de l’Arbreda: organisation de la production, variabilité des méthodes et des objectifs, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 359–373. Ortega Cordellat, I., 2005. La production lamellaire du niveau aurignacien de Barbas III (Creysse, Dordogne), in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxèmbourg, pp. 211–224. Palma di Cesnola, A., 2006. L’Aurignacien et le Gravettien ancien de la grotte Paglicci au Mont Gargano. L’Anthropologie 110, 355–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2006.06.011 Paris, C., 2015. La production de lamelles Dufour dans la couche VII d’Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, Aurignacien) (Master). Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris. Pastoors, A., Peresani, M. (Eds.), 2012. Flakes not blades: the role of flake production at the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, Wissenschaftliche Schriften des Neanderthal-Museums. Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann. Pastoors, A., Weniger, G.-C., Kegler, J.F., 2008. The Middle – Upper Palaeolithic Transition at Yabroud II (Syria). A Re-evaluation of the Lithic Material from the Rust Excavation. Paléorient 34, 47–65. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2008.5256 Pelegrin, J., 2011. Sur les débitages laminaires du Paléolithique Supérieur, in: Delpech, F., Jaubert, J. (Eds.), FRANÇOIS BORDES ET LA PRÉHISTOIRE COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL FRANÇOIS BORDES, BORDEAUX, 22-24 AVRIL 2009, Documents préhistoriques. Ed. du CHTS, pp. 141–152. Pelegrin, J., 2000. Les techniques de débitage laminaire au Tardiglaciaire: critères de diagnose et quelques réflexions, in: Valentin, B., Bodu, P., Christensen, M. (Eds.), L’Europe Centrale et Septentrionale Au Tardiglaciaire : Confrontation Des Modèles Régionaux de Peuplement. Actes de La Table-Ronde Internationale de Nemours, 14-16 Mai 1997. Association pour la promotion de la recherche archéologique en Ile-de-France, Nemours, pp. 73–86. Pelegrin, J., O’Farrell, M., 2005. Les lamelles retouchées ou utilisées de Castanet, in: Le Brun-Ricalens, F. (Ed.), Actes du XIVème congrès UISPP, Université de Liège, Belgique, 2 - 8 septembre 2001: session 6, Paléolithique supérieur ; section 6 - Upper Palaeolithic. Productions lamellaires attribuées à l’Aurignacien : Chaînes opératoires et perspectives technoculturelles, Archéologiques / Musée National d’histoire et d’art Luxembourg. Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Luxembourg, pp. 103–121. Peyrony, D., 1933. Les Industries « aurignaciennes » dans le bassin de la Vézère. Bull. Société Préhistorique Fr. 30, 543–559. https://doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1933.6793 Phillips, J.L., 2003. The use of chaîne opératoire approach in the Upper Palaeolithic Period in Sinai, in: Kardulias, P.N., Yerkes, R.W. (Eds.), Written in Stone: The Multiple Dimensions of Lithic Analysis. Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, pp. 7–16. Phillips, J.L., 1988. The Upper Paleolithic of the Wadi Feiran, Southern Sinai. Paléorient 14, 183–200. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1988.4467 Pini, R., Ravazzi, C., Reimer, P.J., 2010. The vegetation and climate history of the last glacial cycle in a new pollen record from Lake Fimon (southern Alpine foreland, N-Italy). Quat. Sci. Rev. 29, 3115–3137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.040 Pleurdeau, D., Moncel, M.-H., Pinhasi, R., Yeshurun, R., Higham, T., Agapishvili, T., Bokeria, M., Muskhelishvili, A., Le Bourdonnec, F.-X., Nomade, S., Poupeau, G., Bocherens, H., Frouin, M., Genty, D., Pierre, M., Pons-Branchu, E., Lordkipanidze, D., Tushabramishvili, N., 2016. 206 Bondi Cave and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in western Georgia (south Caucasus). Quat. Sci. Rev. 146, 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.06.003 Ploux, S., Soriano, S., 2003. Umm el Tlel, une séquence du Paléolithique supérieur en Syrie centrale. Industries lithiques et chronologie culturelle. Paléorient 29, 5–34. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2003.4763 Porraz, G., Simon, P., Pasquini, A., 2010. Identité technique et comportements économiques des groupes proto-aurignaciens à la grotte de l’Observatoire (principauté de Monaco). Gall. Préhistoire 52, 33–59. https://doi.org/10.3406/galip.2010.2470 Porter, S.T., Roussel, M., Soressi, M., 2019. A Comparison of Châtelperronian and Protoaurignacian Core Technology Using Data Derived from 3D Models. J. Comput. Appl. Archaeol. 2, 41–55. https://doi.org/10.5334/jcaa.17 Pötter, S., Schmitz, A., Lücke, A., Schulte, P., Obreht, I., Zech, M., Wissel, H., Marković, S.B., Lehmkuhl, F., 2020. Middle to Late Pleistocene environments based on stable organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes of loess‐palaeosol sequences from the Carpathian Basin. Boreas 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12470 Proctor, C., Douka, K., Proctor, J.W., Higham, T., 2017. The Age and Context of the KC4 Maxilla, Kent’s Cavern, UK. Eur. J. Archaeol. 20, 74–97. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2016.1 R Core Team, 2020. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/. Rabinovich, R., 2017. The Archaeozoological Record in a Changing Environment of the Late Middle to the Late Pleistocene, in: Enzel, Y., Bar-Yosef, O. (Eds.), Quaternary of the Levant. Cambridge University Pr
Refereed: Yes
URI: http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/53384

Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

Export

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item