Rani, Bindu (2013). Broad-band study of selected Gamma-ray active blazars. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
The analysis presented in this thesis is aimed to provide a more detailed understanding of the relation between flux density outbursts seen at radio, optical, and gamma-ray frequencies and the subsequent structural variability as seen by VLBI. Setting tighter observational constraints on parameters required for the synchrotron self-Compton and inverse-Compton modeling of the high-energy radiation is the prime target. A special attention is given to the parsec scale jet kinematics of the BL Lac object S5 0716+714 using mm-VLBI with an angular resolution up to ~50 microarcseconds. The aim of the broad-band variability study reported in this thesis is to provide a general physical scenario, which allows to put the observed variation of the source across several decades of frequencies in a coherent context. The densely sampled multi-frequency observations of S5 0716+714 over the past 5 years allow us to study its broad-band flaring behavior from radio to gamma-rays and probe into the physical processes, location and size of the emission regions for the source, which is ultra-compact and known to be one of the fastest variable blazars. The combination of the broad-band variability characteristics with the VLBI measurements provides new insights into the core region and at the jet base, a view which was not possible in earlier studies at lower VLBI observing frequencies. More explicitly, the correlation of the gamma-ray flaring activity with the emission at optical to radio frequencies is investigated focusing on some prominent flares observed between April 2007 and April 2012. The time evolution of radio (cm and mm) spectra is tested in the context of a standard shock-in-jet model. The broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source is investigated using a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model and also with a hybrid model, which involves a SSC and an external Compton (EC) component. The intense optical monitoring of the source reveals fast quasi-periodic variations superimposed on a long-term variability trend at a time scale of ~360 days. Episodes of fast variability recur on time scales of ~60-to-70 days. The prominent and simultaneous flaring activity at optical and gamma-ray frequencies favors the SSC mechanism for the production of the high-energy emission. The high-energy (gamma-ray - optical) flares propagate down to radio frequencies with a time delay of ~65 days following a power-law dependence in frequency with a slope ~0.3. This indicates that the internal opacity effects play a key role in producing time delays among light curves at optically thin and thick wavelengths. The evolution of the radio flares agrees with the formation of a shock and its propagation with a contribution of geometrical variation in addition to intrinsic variations in the jet. The broad-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the source during different flaring episodes can not be well described by a pure one-zone SSC model, and require an additional EC contribution from the external radiation field, which is dominated by Ly-alpha emission from the broad-line region (BLR). A detailed investigation of the high-energy spectrum supports the view that the BLR has a significant impact on the observed gamma-ray spectral breaks at a few GeVs, due to pair production. The energy density of this external radiation field varies between 10-6 to 10-5,erg\,cm-3, which is a factor of ~1000 lower than what is expected for a typical quasar, and is a reasonable value for a gas poor (emission line-free) BL Lac object like S5 0716+714. High-frequency VLBI observations revealed a standing feature observed at ~0.1 milli-arcsecond separation from the core. Further downstream, the individual component motion indicates jet acceleration. Curved trajectories in the component motion, variations in the jet ridge line, and a position angle swing at the base of the jet are all consistent with the helical jet model, in which the ejected components transport angular momentum away from the central engine. The observed correlation of the core flux with the single dish radio flux light curves and the concurrent variations in the inner jet position angle with high-energy (optical/gamma-ray) flux suggests that the high-energy emission is coming from a region, which is located inside the mm-VLBI core, so upstream to the τ = 1 surface on scales <0.27 parsec towards the central black hole.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-54731 | ||||||||
Date: | 14 November 2013 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Physics > Institute of Physics I | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Physics |
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Date of oral exam: | 24 January 2014 | ||||||||
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Funders: | Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie Bonn, Germany | ||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5473 |
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