Universität zu Köln

Liu, Hanhan and Prokosch, Verena (2021). Energy Metabolism in the Inner Retina in Health and Glaucoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22 (7). BASEL: MDPI. ISSN 1422-0067

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Abstract

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons and leads to visual loss and blindness. Risk factors for the onset and progression of glaucoma include systemic and ocular factors such as older age, lower ocular perfusion pressure, and intraocular pressure (IOP). Early signs of RGC damage comprise impairment of axonal transport, downregulation of specific genes and metabolic changes. The brain is often cited to be the highest energy-demanding tissue of the human body. The retina is estimated to have equally high demands. RGCs are particularly active in metabolism and vulnerable to energy insufficiency. Understanding the energy metabolism of the inner retina, especially of the RGCs, is pivotal for understanding glaucoma's pathophysiology. Here we review the key contributors to the high energy demands in the retina and the distinguishing features of energy metabolism of the inner retina. The major features of glaucoma include progressive cell death of retinal ganglions and optic nerve damage. Therefore, this review focuses on the energetic budget of the retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve and the relevant cells that surround them.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Liu, Hanhan UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Prokosch, Verena UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-564779
DOI:	10.3390/ijms22073689
Journal or Publication Title:	Int. J. Mol. Sci.
Volume:	22
Number:	7
Date:	2021
Publisher:	MDPI
Place of Publication:	BASEL
ISSN:	1422-0067
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language OPTIC-NERVE HEAD; GANGLION-CELL DEGENERATION; OCULAR BLOOD-FLOW; RADIAL PERIPAPILLARY CAPILLARIES; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; INTRAOCULAR-PRESSURE; FIBER LAYER; GENE-EXPRESSION; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION Multiple languages Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/56477