Universität zu Köln

Lennartz, Simon ORCID: 0000-0002-3254-4809, Dratsch, Thomas, Zopfs, David, Persigehl, Thorsten, Maintz, David, Hokamp, Nils Grosse and dos Santos, Daniel Pinto (2021). Use and Control of Artificial Intelligence in Patients Across the Medical Workflow: Single-Center Questionnaire Study of Patient Perspectives. J. Med. Internet Res., 23 (2). TORONTO: JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. ISSN 1438-8871

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Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining increasing importance in many medical specialties, yet data on patients' opinions on the use of AI in medicine are scarce. Objective: This study aimed to investigate patients' opinions on the use of AI in different aspects of the medical workflow and the level of control and supervision under which they would deem the application of AI in medicine acceptable. Methods: Patients scheduled for computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging voluntarily participated in an anonymized questionnaire between February 10, 2020, and May 24, 2020. Patient information, confidence in physicians vs AI in different clinical tasks, opinions on the control of AI, preference in cases of disagreement between AI and physicians, and acceptance of the use of AI for diagnosing and treating diseases of different severity were recorded. Results: In total, 229 patients participated. Patients favored physicians over AI for all clinical tasks except for treatment planning based on current scientific evidence. In case of disagreement between physicians and AI regarding diagnosis and treatment planning, most patients preferred the physician's opinion to AI (96.2% [153/159] vs 3.8% [6/159] and 94.8% [146/154] vs 5.2% [8/154], respectively; P=.001). AI supervised by a physician was considered more acceptable than AI without physician supervision at diagnosis (confidence rating 3.90 [SD 1.20] vs 1.64 [SD 1.03], respectively; P=.001) and therapy (3.77 [SD 1.18] vs 1.57 [SD 0.96], respectively; P=.001). Conclusions: Patients favored physicians over AI in most clinical tasks and strongly preferred an application of AI with physician supervision. However, patients acknowledged that AI could help physicians integrate the most recent scientific evidence into medical care. Application of AI in medicine should be disclosed and controlled to protect patient interests and meet ethical standards.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Lennartz, Simon UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-3254-4809 UNSPECIFIED Dratsch, Thomas UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Zopfs, David UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Persigehl, Thorsten UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Maintz, David UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hokamp, Nils Grosse UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED dos Santos, Daniel Pinto UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-566105
DOI:	10.2196/24221
Journal or Publication Title:	J. Med. Internet Res.
Volume:	23
Number:	2
Date:	2021
Publisher:	JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC
Place of Publication:	TORONTO
ISSN:	1438-8871
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language CANCER; ATTITUDES Multiple languages Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/56610