Kocak, Hayriye
(2014).
Hox-C9 activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and is associated with spontaneous regression in neuroblastoma.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Doktorarbeit_020414_I.pdf - Accepted Version Download (3MB) |
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy of the sympathetic nervous system. Spontaneous regression and differentiation of neuroblastoma is observed in a subset of patients, and has been suggested to represent delayed activation of physiologic molecular programs of fetal neuroblasts. Homeobox genes constitute an important family of transcription factors which play a fundamental role in morphogenesis and cell differentiation during embryogenesis. In this study, I demonstrate that expression of the majority of the human HOX class I homeobox genes is significantly associated with clinical covariates in neuroblastoma using microarray expression data of 649 primary tumors. Moreover, a HOX gene expression-based classifier predicted neuroblastoma patient outcome independently from age, stage and MYCN amplification status. Among all HOX genes, HOXC9 expression was most prominently associated with favorable prognostic markers. Notably, elevated HOX9 expression was significantly associated with spontaneous regression in infant neuroblastoma. Re-expression of HOXC9 in three neuroblastoma cell lines led to a significant reduction in cell viability, and abrogated tumor growth almost completely in neuroblastoma xenografts. Neuroblastoma growth arrest was related to induction of programmed cell death, as indicated by an increase in the sub-G1 fraction and translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane. Programmed cell death was associated with a shifted BCL-2/BAX ratio, the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, and activation of the intrinsic cascade of caspases, indicating that HOXC9 re-expression triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, re-expression of HOXC9 resulted in a significant reduction of proliferation accompanied by cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and decreased colony formation in soft agar. Neuronal differentiation was observed in one out of three cell lines upon HOXC9 re-expression. Collectively, the results of my thesis demonstrate a strong prognostic impact of HOX gene expression in neuroblastoma, and point towards a critical role of Hox-C9 in neuroblastoma spontaneous regression.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-57604 | ||||||||||
Date: | 15 September 2014 | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin | ||||||||||
Subjects: | Life sciences Medical sciences Medicine |
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Date of oral exam: | 19 December 2013 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/5760 |
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