Universität zu Köln

Schwarzenberger, Franz ORCID: 0000-0002-2961-0545, Krawinkel, Pia, Jeserschek, Sophia-Maria, Schauerte, Nicole, Geiger, Christina, Balfanz, Folko, Knauf-Witzens, Tobias, Sicks, Florian, Martinez Nevado, Eva, Anfray, Gwendoline, Hein, Anna, Kaandorp-Huber, Christine, Marcordes, Sandra and Venshoj, Betina (2022). Immunocontraception of male and female giraffes using the GnRH vaccine Improvac (R). Zoo Biol., 41 (1). S. 50 - 65. HOBOKEN: WILEY. ISSN 1098-2361

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop protocols for contraception in both sexes of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) by using the GnRH vaccine Improvac (R). We evaluated the success of immunization by analyzing fecal reproductive hormone metabolites in female (n = 20) and male (n = 9) giraffes. Endocrine analysis provided the basis for the successful immunization protocol, as well as for assessing long-term effects. Reliable reduction of fecal steroid metabolites to baseline levels in female giraffes was achieved with three, and in males with four or five injections at 4-week intervals. Effective booster injections were administered at 2-month intervals in the first year of treatment and at three to 4-month intervals in the following years. In addition to endocrine analysis, we determined vaccination efficacy in bulls by assessing testicular atrophy. Long-term (>2 years) use in females was often accompanied by prolonged periods of persistent corpus luteum activity, although normal cycles were not observed. Problems might occur with reversibility, because in a few males and females, even after more than 2 years since treatment had been stopped, fecal hormone metabolites have not returned to pretreatment levels. The results are somewhat ambiguous, as reproduction can be suppressed by use of Improvac (R), but the question of reversibility remains unsolved.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Schwarzenberger, Franz UNSPECIFIED orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-0545 UNSPECIFIED Krawinkel, Pia UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Jeserschek, Sophia-Maria UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Schauerte, Nicole UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Geiger, Christina UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Balfanz, Folko UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Knauf-Witzens, Tobias UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Sicks, Florian UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Martinez Nevado, Eva UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Anfray, Gwendoline UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Hein, Anna UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Kaandorp-Huber, Christine UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Marcordes, Sandra UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Venshoj, Betina UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-596435
DOI:	10.1002/zoo.21651
Journal or Publication Title:	Zoo Biol.
Volume:	41
Number:	1
Page Range:	S. 50 - 65
Date:	2022
Publisher:	WILEY
Place of Publication:	HOBOKEN
ISSN:	1098-2361
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION; ESTROUS BEHAVIOR; IMMUNIZATION; SUPPRESSION; DESLORELIN; MANAGEMENT; FERTILITY; ANIMALS; AGONIST Multiple languages Veterinary Sciences; Zoology Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/59643