Kuiper-Makris, C.E. ORCID: 0000-0002-7940-9612 (2021). Dysregulation of angiogenic signaling and reduced elastic fibers are associated with impaired formation of microvessels in rat lungs after intrauterine growth retardation. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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PDF (Dissertation, Dr. med.)
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been identified as a risk factor for reduced formation of alveoli, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and impaired long-term lung function, features also seen in neonatal Chronic Lung Disease (nCLD). Previous research has shown that pulmonary angiogenesis is essential for alveolarisation, and has linked impaired alveolar formation to dysregulated angiogenesis in various models for nCLD and reduced postnatal lung growth. I therefore hypothesised that IUGR and subsequent postnatal catch-up growth disrupt microvascular formation in late lung development through dysregulation of angiogenic factors, thereby affecting angiogenesis, ECM formation and ultimately alveolarisation. Experiments were performed using frozen lungs and paraformaldehyde (PFA)-fixed lungs of a low-protein diet-induced IUGR rat model at three different time points: embryonic day 21 (E21), postnatal day 3 (P3) and P23. The mRNA and protein expression of endothelial cell markers (Pecam1 and VE-Cadherin) and angiogenic factors (VEGF-family and BMP-family signalling), as well as the nutrient-sensing mTOR and AMPKα pathways were measured in whole lung homogenates, with qRT-PCR and immunoblot, respectively. The quantity of microvessels and elastic fibres was assessed with histomorphometry. In addition, the activity of metalloproteinases was assessed with zymography. The data demonstrate two-phased perinatal programming after IUGR. The intrauterine phase (E21) is characterized by a reduction of endothelial cell markers as well as reduced mRNA expression of angiogenic factors. Protein analysis identified reduced VEGF- and BMP-signalling, as well as an activation of anti-angiogenic mTOR effectors. In the postnatal phase (P23), the lung capillaries (<20μm) are significantly reduced, the expression of angiogenic factors and endothelial cell markers were unaffected, but Smad1/5/8 signalling and Klf4 protein mRNA expression were increased. Zymography demonstrated elevated proteolytic activity of MMP2 and MMP9, linked to a 50% reduction of lung elastic fibres. The results provide initial evidence that IUGR reduces angiogenic signalling in the lung. Even though a catch-up growth induces a stabilisation of angiogenic markers in the postnatal lung, there is a persisting loss of capillaries and disrupted ECM formation, possibly associated with a predisposition for chronic lung diseases.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-629395 | ||||||||
Date: | 16 March 2021 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Kinder- und Jugendmedizin | ||||||||
Subjects: | Medical sciences Medicine | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 28 January 2022 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/62939 |
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