Lorenz, Laura ORCID: 0000-0003-2799-5784 (2022). Factors for Successful Implementation of a Preventive Counseling Program in Routine Prenatal Care in Germany – a Process Evaluation. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity are major health challenges and risk factors for subsequent diseases in both children and adults. There is an urgent need for effective preventive interventions and suitable settings in which they can be provided to a wide public. Research on perinatal programming indicates that maternal lifestyle during pregnancy influences the risks for pregnancy and birth complications, as well as the risks of obesity and chronic disease in children in the long term. There is evidence that lifestyle counseling interventions during pregnancy can be effective in improving maternal and infant health outcomes. In Germany, however, lifestyle topics are not consistently discussed during regular prenatal care. Methods: The GeMuKi intervention enhances prenatal care by embedding lifestyle counseling in routine checkup visits during pregnancy in different regions of the southern German state Baden-Württemberg. Supported by a novel shared telehealth platform, gynecologists and midwives provide lifestyle counseling to pregnant women using motivational interviewing (MI) techniques. Alongside the effectiveness trial, a process evaluation is conducted to identify factors that facilitate or inhibit the implementation of the intervention and to investigate the extent to which the intervention is implemented as intended. The cumulative dissertation addresses these objectives by providing three studies (Studies I-III) as well as supplementary data that analyzed the implementation process at different stages. Guided by different theoretical frameworks, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods is used to comprehensively understand and cover the implementation process from different perspectives. Different Questionnaires (n=401; n=46) and administrative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while semi-structured interviews with the GeMuKi recruiting staff (n=6), multiprofessional healthcare providers (n=13) and pregnant women (n=12) as well as other text material like observation protocols (n=29) and internal project documents (n=99) were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Check-up visits in routine prenatal care proved to be a suitable setting for focusing on lifestyle topics. Pregnant women as well as healthcare providers expressed a need to address lifestyle topics. Intrinsic motivation and personal interest in the topics of nutrition, exercise, and overweight/obesity acted as facilitators for the implementation as they were crucial for the active participation of healthcare providers. A flexible distribution of tasks between gynecologists and medical assistants also facilitated the implementation. Lack of time due to many other tasks related to routine care was a key barrier to the implementation. Not all intervention components were implemented as intended. For instance, while the selection of counseling topics and the combination of joint goal-setting, feedback discussions, and push notifications were well received, other measures such as the conversational approach MI were inconsistently implemented by healthcare providers. The evaluation revealed information gaps regarding gestational weight gain and demonstrated much room for improvement in the inter-professional cooperation between gynecologists and midwives. Conclusion: The results provide valuable guidance as to how healthcare services in prenatal care might be reorganized, with the aim of reducing the future burden of chronic diseases for both mothers and children. For a successful translation into routine care, adaptations of specific intervention components as well as strategies to improve inter-professional cooperation should be discussed. In light of the increasing need for preventive action to reduce risks of lifestyle-related diseases, the opportunities and high accessibility offered by routine check-ups in community-based settings should not be missed.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-644739 | ||||||||||
Date: | 16 December 2022 | ||||||||||
Place of Publication: | Köln | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine | ||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Gesundheitsökonomie > Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Klinische Epidemiologie | ||||||||||
Subjects: | no entry | ||||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 16 December 2022 | ||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/64473 |
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