Universität zu Köln

Bretthauer, Jana, Canu, Daniela, Thiemann, Ulf, Fleischhaker, Christian, Brauner, Heike, Mueller, Katharina, Smyrnis, Nikolaos, Biscaldi, Monica, Bender, Stephan and Klein, Christoph (2022). Attention for Emotion-How Young Adults With Neurodevelopmental Disorders Look at Facial Expressions of Affect. Front. Psychiatry, 13. LAUSANNE: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. ISSN 1664-0640

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Abstract

While Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) differ in many clinically relevant features such as symptomatology and course, they may also share genetic underpinnings, affective problems, deviancies in social interactions, and are all characterized by some kind of cognitive impairment. This situation calls for a joint investigation of the specifics of cognitive (dys-)functions of the three disorders. Such endeavor should focus, among other domains, on the inter-section of processing cognitive, affective and social information that is crucial in effective real-life interactions and can be accomplished when attentional preferences for human facial expressions of emotions is studied. To that end, attention to facial expressions of basic emotions was examined in young adults with ASD, ADHD, or SCZ in the present study. The three clinical groups were compared with an age-matched group of typically-developing participants (TD) during the free contemplation of five different facial emotions presented simultaneously, by varying identities, through the registration of eye movements. We showed, that dwell times and fixation counts differed for the different emotions in TD and in a highly similar way in ADHD. Patients with ASD differed from TD by showing a stronger differentiation between emotions and partially different attentional preferences. In contrast, the SCZ group showed an overall more restricted scanning behavior and a lack of differentiation between emotions. The ADHD group, showed an emotion-specific gazing pattern that was highly similar to that of controls. Thus, by analyzing eye movements, we were able to differentiate three different viewing patterns that allowed us to distinguish between the three clinical groups. This outcome suggests that attention for emotion may not tap into common pathophysiological processes and argues for a multi-dimensional approach to the grouping of disorders with neurodevelopmental etiology.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Bretthauer, Jana UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Canu, Daniela UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Thiemann, Ulf UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Fleischhaker, Christian UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Brauner, Heike UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Mueller, Katharina UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Smyrnis, Nikolaos UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Biscaldi, Monica UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Bender, Stephan UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED Klein, Christoph UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-681349
DOI:	10.3389/fpsyt.2022.842896
Journal or Publication Title:	Front. Psychiatry
Volume:	13
Date:	2022
Publisher:	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Place of Publication:	LAUSANNE
ISSN:	1664-0640
Language:	English
Faculty:	Unspecified
Divisions:	Unspecified
Subjects:	no entry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER; EYE-MOVEMENT; DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; AFFECT RECOGNITION; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; SOCIAL COGNITION; FACE RECOGNITION; VISUAL SCANPATHS; NEGATIVITY BIAS Multiple languages Psychiatry Multiple languages
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/68134