Eckhoff, Julia (2016). Mechanistic and structural characterization of the SUMO-specific protease Ulp2. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Posttranslational attachment of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to a protein, commonly known as sumoylation, is a highly dynamic process of conjugation and deconjugation. This work is concerned with the latter. It characterizes the S. cerevisiae SUMO-specific protease Ulp2, giving insight into its mechanism, its structure, as well as its role in vivo. Ulp2 dismantles poly-SUMO sequentially starting from the distal end (exo mode) down to two linked SUMO moieties. This differentiates Ulp2 from all other members of the Ulp/SENP family of proteases that have been analyzed, so far. Previous studies suggested rather stochastic mechanisms for all of them. Apparently, Ulp2 recognizes a region at the N-terminus or surrounding surfaces of SUMO that are not accessible in moieties of the chain other than the most distal one. Full accessibility to the N-terminus needs to be granted in order to achieve full cleavage efficiency. Additionally, Ulp2 requires at least tri-SUMO to bind and/or to process a target chain. Binding seems to happen in a cooperative manner, meaning that all three binding sites have to be occupied in order to achieve interaction. It was found that in each one of the units of a trimeric SUMO chain a different surface area is involved in SUMO/Ulp2 interactions in the event of cleaving off the most distal unit. The entire mechanism and preferences of Ulp2 are contained in its catalytic domain (UD). In the course of this work, the crystal structure of this domain was solved. The structural insights confirmed Ulp2’s family affiliation with Ulp1, and underscored its close relation to SENP7. Nevertheless, the structure shows concrete unique regions. In vivo studies showed that polymeric SUMO is not subjected to degradation alongside the anchor protein it is attached to, but rather liberated beforehand. Ulp2 was identified as the major, if not only, SUMO-specific protease involved in this SUMO recycling process. In the light of the mechanistic findings, the in vivo analysis led to a model in which Ulp2 is in an antagonistic relationship with STUbLs: While it prevents SUMO chains from getting long enough for STUbLs to capture them, once a STUbLs has bound polymeric SUMO, it obstructs the chain in such a way that it is not possible for Ulp2 to attack it, thus the substrate inevitably files into degradation by the proteasome.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-69485 | ||||||||||||
Date: | 2016 | ||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Biology > Institute for Genetics | ||||||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 5 July 2016 | ||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/6948 |
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