Wu, Xiaolin (2024). The landscape of mutation in plasma circulating tumor DNA sequencing as potential predictive biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Recently, the advancements in liquid biopsy have facilitated the techniques for clinical diagnosis and treatment monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic mutations are practical markers of distinguishing ctDNA, eliminating interference from cfDNA. Our study conducts a sequencing panel for ctDNA/cfDNA in patients with HCC and patients with benign liver disease, using NGS technology to identify mutant targets. After excluding germline and silent mutations, we obtain the mutation profiles of ctDNA in HCC, comprising solely functional mutations. Genetic mutations were found in free nucleic acid from 66.7% of HCC patients, while no mutant gene was in the control group. In our HCC cohort, ctDNA analysis was constituted of 49 genes and 91 exon mutations, with 15 genes (NCOR2, HGF, MECOM, ROBO1, MKI67, PEPN13, RANBP2, RELN, ALB, FAT4, KMT2B, MGAM, PAK5, PTPRB, ZFHX3) being identified for the first time in the ctDNA of HCC. NOCR2 and CTNNB1 were the highest frequent mutant genes in ctDNA, reaching 13.3%. The majority of these mutant genes were distributed in the classical molecular pathways of HCC, and the gene-enriched pathways showed a strong consistency between ctDNA and tDNA. A total of nineteen concordant mutations were detected in both ctDNA and matched tDNA, with 23 exons. We also found that the ratio of concordant mutation was highly correlated to tumor burden, especially vascular invasion. No mutations were found in the cfDNA of the control group, suggesting that mutant genes in ctDNA exhibit the potential to differentiate between benign and malignant liver diseases. Consequently, we further explored the diagnostic capabilities of ctDNA and discovered a great improvement in diagnostic accuracy of a combination of ctDNA mutation and AFP level over either one alone. Additionally, our research found the specific mutation-based gene set from ctDNA could contribute to predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. The mutation set screened according to TNM stages 2-4 consisted of twelve genes: NCOR2, ARID2, ERBB4, ERCC5, KMT2A, MSH6, PIK3CA, PIK3CG, POLQ, PEPRB, TERT, and TSC1. This analysis showed that the mutation of the NCOR2 gene was detected particularly frequently in HCC ctDNA and could therefore indicate a high potential for the prognosis of HCC patients. In total, these findings have demonstrated the potential of ctDNA mutation as a specific biomarker for liquid biopsy technique and deepened our understanding of the mutation profile in HCC. Our research supports the implications of mutations in ctDNA for precision medicine and illustrates the clinical prospect of ctDNA in the future.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-737568 | ||||||||||||
Date: | 2024 | ||||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Medicine | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Chirurgie > Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Tumorchirurgie | ||||||||||||
Subjects: | Medical sciences Medicine | ||||||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 27 June 2024 | ||||||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/73756 |
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