Universität zu Köln

Ju, Sitong ORCID: 0000-0002-1711-9484 (2024). Three-Dimensional Periocular Morphometry of Populations in the European Region. PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.

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Abstract

For patients requiring periocular surgery, it is essential to quantify the deviation of the individual's facial morphology from the normal state. Therefore, collecting and establishing a dataset of periocular morphometric measurements in normal individuals will enable better visualization and quantification of the expected changes from the per-operative surgical plan and the post-operative changes occurring during follow-up. The latest generation of three-dimensional (3D) digital stereoscopic photogrammetry equipment allows rapid capture of the entire facial surface in a non-invasive, high-resolution mode, and the accuracy and precision of its images for anthropometric measurements have now been well established. This study aims to establish a standardized database of Caucasian/Asian periocular three-dimensional measurements, which would provide a standard data reference for various types of therapeutic and cosmetic plastic surgeries for all ages, genders, and multiple ethnicities, guide operation design, and estimate the extent of surgery. Three hundred sixty-nine volunteers were recruited at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, aged between 18.14 and 85.24 years, including 304 Caucasians and 65 Asians, 147 men and 222 women. Images in a neutral head position were captured from all subjects. Forty-seven anthropometric landmarks of the periocular region were digitally identified, and 42 measures were performed on each eye using the VECTRA Analysis Module. For eyebrows, there were no significant differences bilaterally, nor did they change significantly with age (p>0.05). Length tended to become shorter with age; males owned longer and wider eyebrows than females(p<0.001); the position decreased between 18-40 years, increased between 60-70, and was relatively stable in other ages, and Asians had higher eyebrow positions overall compared with Caucasians. For eye-related parameters, Caucasians had significantly greater palpebral fissure width, height and lower eyelid length, iris diameter, pupil center /nasal limbus-medial canthus distance, lateral canthus angle, and canthal tilt (p<0.001, respectively); Asians had longer upper eyelids, pupil diameters, and interpupillary/inter-medial canthus/inter-lateral canthus distances, and larger medial canthus angles (p<0.001, respectively). Between genders, males had greater palpebral fissure width and height, iris diameters, pupil diameters, interpupillary distances, pupil center/lid margin-medial and lateral canthus distances, inter-canthus distances, and upper and lower lid margins; females had larger medial and lateral canthus angles and larger upper lid areas (p<0.001, respectively). With age, parameter changes occurred mainly before 50 and between 60-70. Upper and lower eyelid length, palpebral fissure width, and height decreased, and the medial canthus decreased with age and was evident in females (p<0.001, respectively). Interpupillary distance increased with age and was evident in males, while changes between canthus in females were more significant. This study describes the distribution and age-dependent trends of distance, curvature, angle, area, and volume parameters associated with the eyebrow and periocular region in a multiethnic, multiage population in the European region. It compares the differences between ethnicities, genders, age groups, and binoculars, further complementing the results of previously published studies. The anthropometric data assist in planning surgery and quantitatively evaluating surgical outcomes.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD thesis)
Creators:	Creators Email ORCID ORCID Put Code Ju, Sitong JU-SITONG@HOTMAIL.COM orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-9484 UNSPECIFIED
URN:	urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-749227
Date:	25 November 2024
Language:	English
Faculty:	Faculty of Medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Augenheilkunde > Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemeine Augenheilkunde
Subjects:	Medical sciences Medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Keywords Language three dimension English stereoscopic photogrammetry English periocular measurements English European region English Caucasian/Asian English
Date of oral exam:	25 November 2024
Referee:	Name Academic Title Heindl, Ludwig Maximilian Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc Widder, Randolf Priv.-Doz. Dr. med.
Funders:	China Scholarship Council
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/74922