Macha, Arthur ORCID: 0009-0007-1798-4412
(2021).
Mechanism of gephyrin dependent inhibitory
receptor clustering.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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Abstract
Gephyrin is the major scaffolding protein at inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid- (GABA) and glycinergic synapses. Neuronal inhibition is essential for the function of the central and peripheral nervous systems by balancing excitatory signals. The formation and maintenance of inhibitory synapses is achieved through the direct interaction of gephyrin and GABA type A receptors (GABAAR) or glycine receptors (GlyR), restricting their lateral movement in the postsynaptic membrane and ensuring a sufficient number of receptors at the synaptic cleft for adequate signal transmission between neurons. In addition, gephyrin exhibits various interactions with other elements of the postsynaptic density, highlighting its key position as a major organizer of inhibitory synapses. Accordingly, the plasticity of glycinergic and GABAergic synapses is highly dependent on the function of gephyrin and, if impeded, can lead to severe neurological disorders. Therefore, detailed studies of gephyrin-mediated receptor clustering processes at the molecular level are crucial for a better understanding of disease-causing mechanisms. The first part of this thesis focuses on the characterization of a patient suffering from developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) with hypertension and clonic movements caused by bi-allelic mutations in the GPHN gene. The combination of a paternally inherited splice acceptor variant resulting in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and a maternally inherited missense mutation leading to a D422N variant collectively causing a severe disease course that persists into the patient's childhood and beyond. Characterization of the gephyrin D422N variant revealed reduced protein degradation and decreased receptor binding abilities, impairing the formation of inhibitory synaptic clusters. This case study is an additional example that demonstrates the importance of gephyrin-mediated clustering and how a detailed molecular understanding of disease-causing mechanisms possibly could aid in future therapy development. Up to this point little is known about the precise mechanism of complex formation between gephyrin and inhibitory receptors. Therefore, in the second part, GlyR intracellular domain (ICD) mimicking pentameric proteins based on the lumazine synthase (LS) were used to further investigate the gephyrin-receptor interaction. Through this, it was shown that ICDs in a pentameric organization were saturated by multiple gephyrin molecules in a concentration-dependent manner and that multiple LS were linked by the high- and low-affinity binding sites of gephyrin, thus depicting a novel mechanism of gephyrin mediated GlyR fixation in the postsynaptic membrane In the last part, the established pentameric GlyR-ICD model system was used to gain further insight into the gephyrin-GlyR binding mechanism using single particle electron microscopy analysis. Trimeric gephyrin was shown to undergo ligand-induced conformational changes to allow dimerization of its receptor-binding E-domain, which harbors the high-affinity binding site. Moreover, dimerization potentially occurred within single gephyrin trimer, challenging the formation of synapse spanning gephyrin complexes as proposed in previous studies. These data provide a potential new concept for the mechanism behind the gephyrin-receptor interaction and shed additional light on the explicit molecular processes involved in gephyrin-receptor complex formation at the postsynaptic membrane.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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Corporate Creators: | Universität zu Köln | ||||||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-751275 | ||||||||
Date: | 2021 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences > Department of Chemistry > Institute of Biochemistry | ||||||||
Subjects: | Generalities, Science Life sciences |
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Date of oral exam: | 2 November 2021 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/75127 |
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