Ozer Yildiz, Ebru ORCID: 0000-0002-7832-3964
(2025).
AAK1 Regulates Microtubule-Dependent Autophagosome Transport
by Controlling MARK2 Phosphorylation in Neurons.
PhD thesis, Universität zu Köln.
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PDF (PhD Thesis)
Ebru OZER YILDIZ Thesis .pdf - Other Download (4MB) |
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is one of the most essential endocytic pathways in eukaryotic cells, playing a crucial role in the uptake of nutrients and substances such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and transferrin receptor (TfnR). In neurons, which are highly polarized, non-mitotic, and possess long axons and dendrites that extend far from the cell soma, CME is of paramount importance. It plays a pivotal role in synaptic vesicle recycling, ensuring the continuity of synaptic function and plasma membrane (PM) renewal, which is vital for neuronal health. Adaptor-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) was originally discovered as a kinase that phosphorylates the adaptor protein complex-2 (AP-2), enhancing its affinity for the PM and facilitating the maturation of endocytic pits. Recent studies have uncovered versatile roles for AAK1 beyond its canonical role in CME, including potential roles in neurodegeneration and autophagy regulation. Our study aimed to elucidate the role of AAK1 in the brain in vivo, utilizing both global and conditional knockout (cKO) mouse models of AAK1. Strikingly, these models demonstrated similar phenotypes, including reduced body weight, hyperactivity in open field tests, and impaired motor behavior during beam walk assays. These findings strongly indicate a neuron-specific role for AAK1 that is critical for maintaining neuronal function and health. To understand the molecular basis of these phenotypes, we employed a "narrowing down" approach, starting from the whole brain and moving down to synaptosomes, combined with biochemical, proteomic, and imaging techniques. Our data revealed that AAK1 plays an essential role in the regulation of microtubule-associated protein kinase-2 (MARK2) in the brain. Interestingly, AAK1 expression in wildtype (WT) cortices peaks at around 12 weeks of age, coinciding with the peak period of synaptic refinement and plasticity. This temporal pattern aligns with the observed increase in ATG9A expression in AAK1 knockout (KO) mice at 12 weeks, suggesting that AAK1 may play a role in maintaining autophagy homeostasis during this critical developmental window. Indeed, the loss of AAK1 led to dysregulated autophagy, as reflected by an increased number of autophagosomes and a decrease in synaptic vesicles within synapses, indicating impaired autophagosome trafficking. The dysregulation of MARK2 localization due to AAK1 depletion also affected microtubule dynamics, synaptic physiology, and vesicular trafficking. This was reflected by altered microtubule post-translational modifications. These changes ultimately led to an accumulation of autophagosomes in synapses, impaired autophagic flux, and reduced synaptic vesicle availability, further implicating AAK1 as a critical regulator of autophagosome trafficking and synaptic health. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that AAK1 is a key regulator of neuronal function, linking autophagosome trafficking and microtubule dynamics through the modulation of MARK2 particularly during critical windows of synaptic plasticity and maturation.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD thesis) | ||||||||
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-753555 | ||||||||
Date: | 2025 | ||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||
Faculty: | Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences | ||||||||
Divisions: | CECAD - Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases | ||||||||
Subjects: | Natural sciences and mathematics | ||||||||
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Date of oral exam: | 6 February 2025 | ||||||||
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Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
URI: | http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/id/eprint/75355 |
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